In almost every big university in the USA football is a favourite sport．American football is not like soccer．Players sometimes kick the ball, but they also throw the ball and run with it．They try to take it to the other end of the field．They have four chances to move the ball ten yards(码)．They can carry it or throw it．If they move it to the end of the field, they will receive six points(分)．This is called a touchdown．

　　It is difficult to move the ball．Eleven men on the team try to stop the man who has the ball．If the man does not move the ball ten yards, his team kicks the ball to the other team．

　　Each university wants its team to win．Thousands of people come to watch．They all yell(喊加油)for their favourite team．Young men and women called cheerleaders(啦啦队长)come on the field to help the people yell more．They dance and jump while they yell．

　　Each team plays ten or eleven games each season．The season begins in September and ends in November．If a team is very good, it may play another game after the season ends．The best teams play again on January 1, the first day of the New Year．Many people go to see these games and many others watch them on television．

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　　January 1 is the New Year’s Day, the first day of the year．It is a legal(法定的)holiday, and all banks, stores and schools are closed．Many people invite their friends to come and visit them in the afternoon or evening．

　　The only legal holiday in February is Washington’s Birthday．Although Washington was born on February 22, his birthday is now celebrated on the third Monday of February．Some States also celebrate Lincoln’s birthday on February 12．These two, the United States’ most famous presidents, were both born in February．

　　The last Monday in May is Memorial Day(纪念日)．This holiday remembers the many service members, men and women, who died for their country．Americans celebrate Memorial Day with services in cemeteries(公墓)and churches．

　　America’s great national holiday, Independence Day, falls on the fourth of July．It celebrates the birth of the United States．It was on this day that the colonists(殖民者)announced their independence from England．They had to fight hard for the next seven years to win this independence．

　　The first Monday of September is Labor Day(劳工节)．This holiday honors(向——表示敬意)the working people of the United States．There are sorts of celebrations and speeches on this day too．People go to all kinds of places to enjoy the fine weather at the end of summer．

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　　The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666．In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together．One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives．

　　The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the king's baker(面包师)in Pudding Lane．The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof．A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery(面包房)into a small hotel next door．Then it spread quickly into Thames Street．That was the beginning．

　　By eight o’clock three hundred houses were on fire．On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames．Tuesday was the worst day．The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St．Paul's and the Guildhall among them．

　　Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire．People threw their things into the river．Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment．Birds fell out of the air because of the heat．

　　The fire stopped only when the king finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire．With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out．

　　After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect(建筑师), wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone．In fact, the streets are still narrow; but he did build more than fifty churches, among them new St．Paul's．

　　The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place： a city for the future and not just of the past．

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