For hundreds Of years, scientists have been trying to answer what things have an effect on people’s emotions (情感). How you feel is controlled by many things. Your emotions can be affected by your personality, by the actions of others and by events around you. Perhaps you don’t know your emotions can be influenced by the weather as well.
People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact, sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins, our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example, there are long, dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway, so many people in these countries often feel sad. Without much sunlight, their bodies produce less vitamin D. Without enough vitamin D, their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better, special “sunrooms” with artificial (人造的) lights have been built. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!
The weather can also affect people’s emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way, rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant. As you can see, the weather can have an effect on the chemicals which control our brains. Through these ways, the weather can influence our emotions. Sadly, while the weather can change us, we can hardly change the weather.
【小题1】 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor (因素) that can affect one’s emotions?

Many people like travelling for their holiday. They go to ___1___, seaside or forests. Some people like ___2___, so they like to visit some old interesting places. In many countries, the travel agency(旅行社) can help you ___3___ your holiday. You can tell the travel agency what kind of __4__ you like, how much __5__ you want to spend, and the travel agency will give you a lot of information about where to go, how __6__ there, where to stay, and what kind of activities you can do there. __7__ the holidays is __8__ “Package” holiday. __9__ is, you just pay the money, and the travel agency will plan __10__ for you, the ticket for the plane or train, the hotel, the activities, and so on.

1.                A．schools         B．shops          C．hills  D．the Great Wall

2.                A．history         B．music          C．country   D．city

3.                A．plan           B．planned        C．plans D．planning

4.                A．weather        B．holiday         C．train D．city

5.                A．water          B．day            C．time D．money

6.                A．get            B．to get          C．getting   D．got

7.                A．Both           B．All             C．One of   D．Every one of

8.                A．call            B．calling          C．calls D．called

9.                A．That           B．What           C．How D．This

10.               A．everything      B．nothing         C．anything   D．something

Two magazines recently listed the best cities to live in. Here are two of the cities listed as “the world’s best.”

SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA  The city has comfortable weather all year round (15℃ to 26℃). Housing is not very expensive in San Jose. Also, many of the city’s older neighborhoods are very beautiful and have small hotels and cafés. Beautiful mountains are around the city. Lots of people go sightseeing there every year. But air pollution is a problem in the city center.

HONG KONG, CHINA    This lively city—once a small fishing village—is today an international business center. It is an interesting mix of East and West, old and new. Modern tall buildings are next to small temples (庙宇). Popular nightclubs are close to traditional teahouses. Busy people fill the streets at all hours of the day. But outside the city, there are parks for walking or relaxing. Hong Kong is famous for its wonderful native dishes. There’s also food from Europe, North America, and other parts of Asia. However, this small city has a large population of nearly seven million! That’s why housing is often very expensive. Traffic and air pollution are also a problem.

1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about San Jose?

A. The weather.         B. The mountains.       C. The air.         D. The traffic.

2.What makes Hong Kong the world’s best according to this passage?

A. The lively city and the wonderful dishes.       

B. The large population and the traffic.

C. The expensive housing.               D. The beautiful temples.

3.The writer thinks housing in Hong Kong is expensive because ________.

A. it is a small fishing village           B. it is a mix of East and West

C. it is a beautiful city                   D. there are too many people in the city

4.What do the two cities have in common?

A. They both have beautiful mountains.      B. They both have a large population.

C. Air pollution is a problem in both.      D. They are both crowded.

5.From the passage, we can know that       .

A. San Jose and Hong Kong are the only two cities of the world’s best

B. San Jose has more natural sights than Hong Kong does

C. the weather in both cities is fine

D. San Jose used to be small fishing village