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i河南省开封市尉氏博文学校
八年级第一次月考试题
物 理
1.男同学说话声音“低沉”，是指男同学声音的________ 低，这是因为男同学说话时，声带振动较________的缘故。
2.音乐会上人们听到优美的小提琴声是由琴弦的________产生的，并通过________这种介质传到人耳的。
3.在音乐大厅里，乐团正演奏着雄壮的交响乐，各种乐器的形状虽然不同，但它们发声都是由于________产生的；各种不同乐器发出声音的________、________不同，但它们演奏乐曲的音调相同。
4.夏秋时节来到太阳岛上，耳边会传来悦耳的鸟叫和蛙鸣，青蛙“呱呱”的叫声是由于它的鸣囊在________，我们根据________能分辨出鸟叫和蛙鸣。
5.在狭窄的空间燃放鞭炮比在野外燃放鞭炮时的响度明显大，这是因为在狭小空间声波经过多次________造成的。
6.噪声是当代社会的四大公害之一，它是由发声体的________产生的。有资料显示，噪声每经过一条100m宽的林带可降低20dB～25dB，从减弱噪声的途径看，这是在________中降低噪声的。
7.如下图所示，是声音输入到示波器上时显示振幅与时间关系的波形。其中，声音音调相同的是________图和________图，响度相同的是________图和________图。
A B C D
8.小明同学自己制作了一个哨子，在筷子上缠一些棉花，制成一个活塞，用水蘸湿棉花后插入两端开口的塑料管，吹管的上端，可以发出悦耳的哨音，此哨间是由于管内空气柱________产生的。上下拉动活塞，可以改变声音的。（选填“单调”、“响度”或“音色”）
9.钓鱼时不能大声喧哗，因为鱼听到人声就会吓走，这说明（ ）
A.只有空气能传播声音
B.空气和水都能传播声音
C.声音在水中的速度比在空气中的速度小
D.声音从空气传入水中，音调发生了变化
10.声音从水中传入空气中，它的速度将（ ）
A.变大 B. 变小 C. 不变 D. 不能确定
11.控制噪声是城市环保工作主要的项目之一，下列措施不能减弱噪声的是（ ）
A.市区内禁止机动车鸣笛 B.减少二氧化碳气体的排放
C.在汽车的排气管上装消声器 D.在城市街道两旁和空地多种草，多植树
12.下列说法正确的是（ ）
A.声音是由振动而发生，发声的物体不一定振动
B.声音在空气中的传播速度小于在铁轨中的传播速度
C.声音在真空中也能传播 D.声音在液体中不能传播
13.几名同学在室外聊天，室内同学听声音可以分辨出每句话是谁说的，这主要是因为各人发声的（ ）
A.音调不同 B.音色不同 C.频率不同 D.响度不同
14.一场大雪过后，人们会感到外万籁俱静，究其原因，你认为正确的是（ ）
A.可能是大雪后，行驶的车辆较少，噪声减小
B.可能是大雪后，大地银装素裹，噪声被反射
C.可能是大雪蓬松且多孔，对噪声有吸收作用
D.可能是大雪后气温较低，噪声传播速度较慢
物质 | 空气 | 氧气 | 铝 | 铁 | 铅 |
物质的密度 kg/m3 | 1.29 | 1.43 | 2700 | 7900 | 11300 |
声音传播的 速度m/s | 330 | 316 | 5100 | 5000 | 300 |
15.下表列出了相同条件下不同物质的密度及声音在其中传播的速度。
根据上表提供的信息，可以得出的结论是（ ）
A.声音传播的速度随着物质密度的增大而增大
B.声音传播的速度随着物质密度的增大而减小
C.声音在金属中传播的速度大于它在气体中传播的速度
D.声音在金属中传播的速度随着金属密度的增大而增大
16.说女同学比男同学的声音尖，这是指 （ ）
A.响度 B.音调 C. 音色 D.音准
17.凭你的生活经验，说出下列环境中噪声最大的是（ ）
A.图书阅览室 B.自由市场
C.“英模报告”会场 D.校园的林阴路上
18.下列建筑不属于声音的利用的是 （ ）
A.北京天坛的回音壁 B.录音棚墙壁做成凸凹不平关
C.北京天坛的三音石 D.北京天坛的圜丘
19.科学家在对蝙蝠的研究中，曾经用黑布将蝙蝠的双眼蒙上,发现蝙蝠也可以很正常地飞行，没有受到一点影响，这是因为 （ ）
A.蝙蝠在飞行时会发出次声波，根据回声定位原理来飞行
B.蝙蝠的眼睛会发出超声波，能穿透黑布，清楚地看到黑布外面的目标
C.蝙蝠在飞行时会发出超声波，根据回声定位原理来飞行
D.黑布太薄会透光，蝙蝠可以很清楚地看到黑布外面的目标
20.一般来说，大礼堂的四周墙壁做成凸凹不平的形状，这是为了（ ）
A.减少声音的反射 B.增强声强的反射
C.增强声音的响度 D.只是为了装饰美观
21.下列不属于超声波应用的是 （ ）
A.利用声波清洗精密的机械
B.外科医生利用声波的振动除去人体内的结石
C.医生给病人做“B超”检查
D.医生用“叩诊”法给病人诊病
22.吹笛子时笛子发声主要是 （ ）
A.笛子本身（竹管）振动发声
B.笛子（竹管）中的空所术振动发声
C.演员的嘴唇振动发出的声音
D.以上说法都不正确
23.我们对远处的人大声喊话时，常用双手在嘴边围成喇叭状，这是为了（ ）
A.增大喊话频率 B.增加传入对方耳朵的声音响度
C.改变讲话的音色 D.增大讲话人的肺活量
24.一列停靠在站台的甲列车发出一声长鸣，另一列飞驰而过的乙列车也发出一声长鸣。站在铁路旁边的人听到的两声长鸣，其音调相比（ ）
A.甲列车的高 B.乙列车的高 C.相同 D.无法比较
25.下列关于声源的说法错误的是（ ）
A.一切声源都在振动 B.声源的振动如果停止，它就停止了发声
C.不发生振动的物体也可能发声 D.不发生振动的物体一定不是声源
26.人们常用推理的方法研究问题，如在“探究声音的传播”实验中，现有的抽气设备总是很难将玻璃罩内抽成真空状态，在这种情况下，你怎样通过实验现象推理得出“声音不能在真空中传播”这一结论？
7.图1-4是探究声现象时常用的装置。
1.图中所示的实验现象说明_______________。
2.乒乓球在实验中起什么作用？
3.加大力度敲音叉，根据发生的现象，你又得出什么结论？
28.小宇在阅读《科海奇闻》一书时，看到这样一条奇闻：20世纪60年代初，美国空军在俄克拉荷马上空做音速飞行实验，飞机每天在10000的高空飞行8次，半年以后，当地一个农场饲养的10000只鸡中，有6000只被飞机轰鸣声杀死，幸存的4000只鸡，有的羽毛全部掉光，有的干脆不下蛋了。
这则奇闻引起了小宇他们学习小组对噪声探究的好奇心。于是，小组内的各位同学又分头查阅了许多资料，得到了如下的一些信息。
29请你根据小宇他们提供的信息资料，回答他们提出的问题：
1.有些不法商贩，为了销售劣质产品，就在店铺内通过高音喇叭播放音乐，他们是想利用噪声能够损害__________，从而对产品产生错觉这一危害，来使顾客上当。
2.由上述信息资料，我们可以归纳出消音材料的两个作用是：__________和__________。
3.小宇要将家中隔音墙的材料由棉布换成瓷瓦，晓丽认为不妥。他们由此引出一个新的探究课题，请根据他俩提出的探究课题，写出简要的探究报告。
课题：棉布与瓷瓦哪种材料的隔音效果更好
实验器材和步骤：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.为了减小噪声污染，我们在日常生活中应该这样做（请写出两条）：
①
②
查看习题详情和答案>>How to Be a Winner
Sir Steven Redgrave
Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病). Believing my career（职业生涯） was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
Karen Pickering
Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-you can’t follow a career in any field without being well—organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
Kirsten Best
Poet & Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological（心理的） tool”
60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?
A. Difficulties influenced his career. B. Specialists offered him medical advice.
C. Training helped him defeat his disease. D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.
61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?
A. Her training schedule. B. Her daily happenings.
C. Her achievements. D. Her sports career.
62.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？
A. Ways that help one to focus. B. Words that help one to feel less tense.
C. Activities that turn one's attention away. D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?
A. Courage. B. Devotion. C. Hard work .D. Self-confidence. 查看习题详情和答案>>
How to Be a Winner
Sir Steven Redgrave
Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病). Believing my career（职业生涯） was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
Karen Pickering
Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-you can’t follow a career in any field without being well—organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
Kirsten Best
Poet & Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological（心理的） tool”
60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?
A. Difficulties influenced his career. B. Specialists offered him medical advice.
C. Training helped him defeat his disease. D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.
61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?
A. Her training schedule. B. Her daily happenings.
C. Her achievements. D. Her sports career.
62.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？
A. Ways that help one to focus. B. Words that help one to feel less tense.
C. Activities that turn one's attention away. D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?
A. Courage. B. Devotion. C. Hard work .D. Self-confidence. 查看习题详情和答案>>
如图甲所示，A、B分别是标有“6V 3.6W”字样的灯泡L和定值电阻R的U-I图象．则R的阻值为
=60
的大小是