摘要： 动词时态考查要点 (1)一般现在时考点分析 ①表示客观事实或普遍真理 The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100oC. ②表示现状.性质.状态时多用系动词或状态动词,表示经常或习惯性的动作.多用动作动词.且常与表频率的时间状语连用. Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉.态度.感情.某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see.hear.smell.taste.feel.notice.agree.believe.like.hate.want.think.belong seem等.如: I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. ④在时间.条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时.但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿 .但不表示时态. If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会.我的家人会非常高兴. ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come.go.leave.arrive.fly.return.start.begin.pen.close.end.stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时.表示一个按规定.计划或安排要发生的动作.当be表示根据时间或事先安排.肯定会出现的状态.只用一般现在时. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. (2)一般过去时的考点分析. ①一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情.动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用,用于表达过去的习惯,表示说话人原来没有料到.想到或希望的事通常用过去式.如: I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. They never drank wine. I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t. ②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语.尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生.但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式.如: He told me he read an interesting novel last night. ③表示两个紧接着发生的动作.常由以下词语连接.用一般过去时.如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute. The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it. ④常用一般过去时的句型: Why didn’t you / I think of that? I didn’t notice it. I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didn’t recognize him. (3)一般将来时考点分析. ①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow.next week等). ②表示一种趋向或习惯动作. We’ll die without air or water. ③表示趋向行为的动词如come.go.start.begin.leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时. ④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别: be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事.这种打算往往经过事先考虑.甚至已做了某种准备,shall / will do表示未事先考虑过.即说话时临时作出的决定. be going to 表将来.不能用在条件状语从句的主句中,而will则能.表意愿.如: If it is fine, we’ll go fishing. If it is fine, we are going to go fishing. be to do sth.表按计划.安排即将发生的动作.还可表示吩咐.命令.禁止.可能性等. A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon. be about to do sth.表示“即可.就要 .后面不能接时间状语或状语从句. Autumn harvest is about to start. (4)现在进行时考点分析. ①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作,表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时,表近期特定的安排或计划,go.come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时.如: It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. We are leaving on Friday. At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the baby before six.) The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always.often等频度副词连用.表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩) ②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时.(A)表示心理状态.情感的动作:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need.(B)表存在的状态的动词:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on.(C)表示一时性动作的动词:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete.(D)表示感官的动词:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look. (5)过去完成时考点分析. ①常用过去完成时的几种情况:(A)在by.by the end.by the time.until.before.since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作.如:By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望.打算.意图.诺言等.常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped / planned - + to have done.(C)“时间名词 + before 在句子中作状语.谓语动词用过去完成时,“时间名词 + ago 在句中作状语.谓语动词 用 一般过去式.如:He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.(D)表示“一--就 的几个句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时.如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. ②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时. After he (had)left the room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed. (6)过去将来时考点分析. 参照一般将来时对比:用would do.was / were going to do sth.表过去将来,come.go.leave等过去进行时表过去将来时,was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来. (7)过去进行时考点分析. ①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生. ②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生.其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中. (8)现在完成时考点分析. ①现在完成时除可以和for.since引导的状语连用外.还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during / in /over the lastfew years .in recent years等. ②下列句型中常用现在完成时 It is + 一段时间 + since从句 Thisis the firsttime that + 完成时 Thisis the only - + that + 完成时 Thisis the best / finest / most interesting - + that 从句 + 完成时 ③在时间或条件状语从句中.现在完成时可以代替一般将来时.如: I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. (9)注意几组时态的区别: ①一般过去时与现在完成时:时间上有差异:凡有过去时间的均用过去时态.不能用完成时态.如含有ago.last year.just now.the other day等. 结果上有差异:现在完成时强调的是对“现在 的影响和结果.动作到现在刚完成或还在继续,一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去 .和现在毫无关系. ②过去完成时与一般过去时:过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去 ,如出现同一主语连续几个动作形式则只用一般过去时即可.

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