摘要：6．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义 1)在need.want.require.deserve和bear等词的后面.动名词用主动形式表示被动含义.其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式.如: The house needs repairing．这房子需要修理. My clothes need washing．我的衣服需要洗了. 2)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义.但不能跟动词不定式,而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式.如: The picture-book is well worth reading．(＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．)这本画册很值得一读. Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．(＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．)像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助. This plan is not worth considering．(＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．)这个计划不值得考虑. 3)某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义 a．当nice.easy.fit.hard.difficult.important.impossible.pleasant. interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语.而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时.这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义.如: Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学. The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝. The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳. This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易. b．当动词不定式在名词后面作定语.不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时.不定式的主动形式表示被动含义.如: I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做.(work to do指被做的工作) He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看.(children to look after指孩子被照看) 注意:如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式.其含义有所区别.如: I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服. c．在there be．．．句型中.当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时.不定式用主动或被动式.其含义没有什么区别.如: There is a lot of homework to do．有很多家庭作业要做. There are some clothes to wash．有些衣服要洗. 4)由介词for.on.above.under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义.如: His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油画作品明天下午展出. 5)表示感官意义的连系动词如smell.feel.taste.look.sound等在句子中常表达被动含义.如: How nice the music sounds!这音乐听起来多悦耳! Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口. Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了.在主动语态中,使让动词和感官动词(see, look,watch,notice,listen,hear,feel,find)后必省略to,但在被动语态中必须加上to 例:在教室里我们听见他唱了这首歌 we heard him sing this song in the classroom. he was heard to sing this song by us in the classroom.

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