阅读理解

  By the early 19th century the factory system had spread to the U.S. The first cotton factory was built in 1814, and by 1850 some 24 percent of workers were women. They produced clothing, shoes, cigars, and other things. In the Northeast, newly-arrived women with little education became the factory force. In the South, black women moved into factory and domestic（家庭的）jobs, first as slaves and later as free workers.

　　By 1890 nearly 4 million women in the U.S. worked for pay. This represented（代表）18 percent of the female population aged 14 and 17 percent of the total work force. Half the female workers were under 25 years of age, and seven out of ten were single. Most of them worked in domestic service, teaching positions, and textile（纺织的）factories; only about 5 percent were secretaries, clerks, or salespersons.

　　Recent years have seen a rapid increase in the number of women joining the paid labour force in the U.S. Today, almost 54 percent of all women of working age are employed. Over 50 percent of working women are married, and 60 percent of working wives have school--aged children.

（1）By 1850 about _______ percent of workers were men.

[　　]

（2）By 1890 ________ of working women were married.

[　　]

（3）Today less than ________ percent of female workers are single.

[　　]

（4）More and more women in the U.S. have worked for pay _______ .

[　　]

A．by 1850

B．by 1890

C．by the early 19th century

D．in the recent years

（5）According to the passage, which of the following sentences is NOT true?

[　　]

A. Today three fifths of working wives have school--aged children.

B. By 1890, 17 percent of the total work force in the U.S. worked for pay.

C. The first textile factory was built in 1814.

D. Black women in the South of the U.S. first worked as slaves.

A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self made man—the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts,usually beginning by working with his hands.While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common labourer or even the skilled factory worker,he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or labourer of some sort.

This attitude toward manual(体力的) labour is now still seen in many aspects of American life.One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously(豪华地)furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel,expensive hobbies,and college education for the children;yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself,will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward,furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery.On the contrary,the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes.A professional man may talk about washing the car,digging in his flowerbeds,painting the house.His wife may even help with these things,just as he often helps her with the dishwashing.The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living,or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.

1.From paragraph 1,we can know that in America_________.

A.people tend to have a high opinion of the self?made man        

B.people can always rise to the top through their own efforts        

C.college professors win great respect from common workers        

D.people feel painful to mention their fathers as labourers        

According to the passage,the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because_________.

A.servants in America are hard to get

B.she takes pride in what she can do herself        

C.she can hardly afford servants

D.it is easy to prepare a meal with canned food        

3.The expression“wait on table” in the second paragraph means“_________”.

A.work in a furniture shop

B.keep accounts for a bar

C.wait to lay the table

D.serve customers in a restaurant

4.Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?        

A.A Respectable Self made Family          B.American Attitude toward Manual Labour

C.Characteristics of American Culture    D.The Development of Manual Labour

第二节读写任务 (共1小题, 满分25分)

阅读下面的短文, 然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文.

Students should concentrate on their lessons and not be distracted by housework chores, farm labour, and other daily manual work. The reason is obvious. Students are trained to be future builders of this country with knowledge and skills. They are not trained to be manual workers. Knowledge and skills are what they need. It never matters if they always leave their rooms in a mess. Their parents never fail to clean up and pick up after them. Nor does it matter if the school kids can never carry a bag of flour or something like that. Leave it to those less educated. Nor does it matter if the kids never wash their clothes. Leave it to the laundry. In a word, it does not matter if the kids can not and will not do any chores and manual work. As long as they set their minds to their lessons, everything else will take care of themselves.

[写作内容]

1.   概括短文的内容要点, 该部分的词数大约为30;

2.   就 “学生该不该做杂务,体力活” 这个主题发表你的看法, 至少包括以下内容要点, 该部分的词数大约为120

平时你是否干家务活、体力活;

你如何看待自己的做法;

你的父母对此又如何做法、看法;

你对父母的做法持什么看法? 为什么?

[写作要求]    你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点, 也可以参照材料的内容, 但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子.

[评分标准]           概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

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Money spent o advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to bring about a rapid sale of goods at reasonable prices, so setting up a firm home market and making it possible to provide for export at good prices is a good investment. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps greatly to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it causes an increased need for labour, and is therefore a nice way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television program would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or subway would cost more.

And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a promise of reasonable value in the products and services you

buy. Besides the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for the public has the good sense not to buy the poor goods more than once. If you see product frequently advertised, it is the proof I know that the product does what is promised for it, and that it has good value.

Advertising does more for the good of the public than any other force I can think of.

There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television person declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was telling us the real difference. Of course advertising tries to persuade.

If its message were nothing but information, that would be difficult to get more people to buy, for even the choice of the colour of a shirt is a bit persuasive (有说服力的) -advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any atten-tion. But perhaps that is what the well-known television person wants.

In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?

A. Getting greater fame.  B. Providing more jobs. C. Raising living standards.  D. Reducing newspaper cost.

The writer thinks that the well-known TV person is ________ .

A. quite right in passing his judgment on advertising

B. interested in nothing but the buyers' attention

C. correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information

D. obviously unfair in his views on advertising