摘要：［正］ He has been living in Greece since 1978.?［析］ 由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何.主句要用完成时或完成进行时. ?［误］ She has been quite different since came back from America.?［正］ She has been quite different since coming back from America.?［析］ 分词短语可以用在after, before, since等介词后面.?sleep ?［误］ The boy was very asleep.?［正］ The boy was fast asleep.?［析］ 熟睡在英文中为fast asleep. 非正式英语中一般不常用He's sleeping. 而常讲He's asleep. 其形容词sleepy是"困倦的".如: I shall go to bed now. I'm so sleepy. "卧铺"英国人讲sleeping car.而美国人讲sleeper.?slow ?［误］ Slow the door opened.?［正］ Slowly the door opened.?［析］ slow与slowly的用法与意思相同.在口语中和路标中多用slow.如: Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.?smile ?［误］ She smiled to me.?［正］ She smiled at me.?［析］ "冲着某人笑"应为to smile at somebody.?so ?［误］ It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.?［正］ It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.?［正］ It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.?［析］ 关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况: ① 用于单数可数名词之前.其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词".而"so+形容词+不定冠词".② 用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前.只能用 such.如: It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容词时只能用so.如: It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such.如: I have so little money that I can't buy the dictionary.?［误］ He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.?［正］ He got up early so as to catch the first bus.?［正］ He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.?［正］ He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.?some ?［误］ Do you have some lessone to prepare??［正］ Do you have any lessons to prepare??［析］ 在疑问句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中.如: I have some money to buy it.?在请求.或真心希望得到肯定答复时.在疑问句中也要用some.如: Would you like something to drink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料.又如: Could you lend me some money?即真心想要借到钱.?sometime ?［误］ I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.?［正］ I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.?sometime sometimes some times sometime ?sometime为"某个时候"."总有一天".如: We'll meet again sometime next year. 或过去的"某一时刻".如: I saw her sometime in July. sometimes为"有时候"."时常"."常常".如: Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times为"若干次".如: I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time则是"一段时间"."一些时候".如: I want to leave some time.?soon ?［误］ The room as soon as became crowded.?［正］ The room soon became crowded.?［析］ soon为"不久"."很快".如: I'll be there very soon. 而as soon as意为"一--就--".如: As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.?sound ?［误］ The report sounds well.?［正］ The report sounds good.?［析］ sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词.如: How sweet the music sounds!?sport ?［误］ Are you going to run in the school sprot??［正］ Are you going to run in the school sprots??［析］ sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动.如: Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.?spring ?［误］ I'll visit America in this spring.?［正］ I'll visit America in spring.?［正］ I'll visit America this spring.?［析］ 英语一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等词.则其前面不要再加介词.这样的用法还有周.月.年等.请看下面句子中的用法有何不同: He told me that she did it on the next day. 这时是指过去某一天的第二天.所以才有这种用法.如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为I'll do it next day.?start ?［误］ What time will you start to San Francisco??［正］ What time will you start for San Francisco??［析］ start与leave一样.其后接"for+目的地".?begin start ?begin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思.如: We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下场合则不能用begin: ① 作为"启程"讲.如: I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示"开始工作".如: The car won't start. ③ 作为"开动"."启动"讲.如: Do you know how to start this machine.?still ?［误］ Oh, it is still raining now.?［正］ Oh, it is still raining.?［析］ 因still即包含有现在仍然如何.所以now是多余词.?still yet already ?still一般与动词连用.可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续.特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止.如: I've been thinking for hours, but I still can't decide. yet一般放于句末.用在疑问句与否定句中.如: Has the postman come yet? already则与动词连用.可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早.如: I've already finished my homework.?stop ?［误］ When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.?［正］ When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.?［析］ stop to do something是"停下来去做某事".而stop doing something是"停止做某事".?street ?［误］ There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.?［正］ There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.?［析］ street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的"街道".而road多指乡间的"路".?strict ?［误］ You ought to be strict to him.?［正］ You ought to be strict with him.?［析］ be strict with是"对--严格的".?such ?［误］ Do you want to have such a dictionary??［正］ Do you want to have such a good dictionary??［正］ Do you want to have a dictionary like that??［析］ such作加强语气时一般是"such+形容词+名词".如: It's such a good book. 但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有"能显示程度的含意".如: I've got such a headache. You are such fools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词.?sure ?［误］ I am quite sure for that answer.?［正］ I am quite sure of that answer.?［析］ sure用于句中表示"对--事有确实把握"时应跟of或about.而不跟for.如: I'm sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.?sweet ?［误］ Honey tastes sweetly.?［正］ Honey tastes sweet.?［析］ sweet可以作为名词.意为"糖果".是可数名词.如: May I have a sweet?作形容词.如: The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly为副词.意为"甜美地"."悦耳地".要注意taste为感观动词.其后面要接形容词而不是副词.?take ?［误］ This year I want to take the driver's license.?［正］ This year I want to get the driver's license.?［析］ take可以作为动词.意为"拿"."取".如: I want to take my mail. 而要获得某种证书.证明.要用get而不用take. take在学校范围内意为"参加"或"选修"某些课程.如: This term I want to take both French and Spanish.?［误］ The accident was taken place at the street corner.?［正］ The accident took place at the street corner.?［析］ take place与happen一样作为"发生"讲时没有被动语态.?［误］ Do you take me as a fool??［正］ Do you take me for a fool??［析］ take-for-意为"以为是--"."错当作--"."误认为".而这一意思还可以用于I took you to be the best friend. (我把你认作是最好的朋友.)?［误］ My English teacher was ill. Who will take place her??［正］ My English teacher was ill. Who will take the place of her??［析］ take the place of-意为"取代".?talk ?［误］ Yesterday I met an old friend. We talked many things.?［正］ Yesterday I met an old friend. We taked about many things.?［析］ talk是不及物动词.?team ? ［误］ Our team likes seeing film.?［正］ Our team like seeing film.?［析］ team与family.class等词一样.指整体时为单数名词.如: Our team is excellent, 而指集体中的个体时要用作复数.?than ?［误］ They made fewer mistakes this term than they made last lerm.?［正］ They made fewer mistakes this term than they did last lerm.?［析］ 当一个动作在同一个句子中重复时.第二次要用do来代替.以避免重复.?［误］ You make me do more then anybody I know.?［正］ You make me do more than anybody I know.?［误］ I got into the restroom than someone knocked at the door.?［正］ I got into the rest room then someone knocked at the door.?［析］ than与then不要误用.?then ?［误］ We went to the cinema, then went to a Chinese restaurant.?［正］ We went to the cinema, and then went to a Chinese restaurant.?［正］ We went to the cinema; then went to a Chinese restaurant.?［析］ then作"然后"讲时.在then前应加分号而不用逗号.或加逗号用and then.但是如果是倒装句则要用逗号.如: First come Tom, then Mary.?think ?［误］ I think you are not right.?［正］ I don't think you are right.?［析］ think在肯定句中与中文的习惯用法是一致的.如: I think you are right. 但在宾语从句是否定意思时.要否定think.如: I don't think you are right.?［误］ I think he will come here, do I??［正］ I think he will come here, wont he??［析］ think加宾语从句时.反意疑问句的主语应用宾语从句中的主语.助动词要用宾语从句中的助动词.而肯定还是否定要看主句中的情况决定:如主句用肯定句.则反意疑问句用否定句.反之亦然.?［误］ People think very high of his work.?［正］ People think very highly of his work.?［析］ think highly of为"对某人某事评价很高".?［误］ When we talk about Chinese people we always think the Yellow River.?［正］ When we talk about Chinese people we always think about the Yellow River.?［析］ think about意为"想起"."想到".?thousand ?［误］ He got thousand of books from a second?hand?book shop.?［正］ He got thousands of books from a second?hand?book shop.?［析］ 虽然two thousand, three thousand在thousand后都不加?s.但thousands of则为"数千".该结构中一定要加?s.?through ?［误］ I had a long distance call with John throught the telephone.?［正］ I had a long distance call with John on the telephone.?［误］ It took us two hours to walk across the forest.?［正］ It took us two hours to walk through the forest.?［析］ across是表示在一平面上进行的动作.而through则是用在三维空间的动作.如: The river was frozen, so we could walk across it. I pushed through the crowds to the entrance.?throw ?［误］ He threw a stone to me.?［正］ He threw a stone at me.?［析］ "扔"这个词表示方向时要注意他向我扔石头是at me.我向他扔石头则为to him.但throw at还有寻衅之意.如: Stop throwing stones at the cars. 这时不要误用to.?time ?［误］ The doctor came on time so she was saved.?［正］ The doctor came in time so she was saved.?［析］ in time为"及时赶到".如: Do you think we can get there in time for the first act. 而on time 意为"准时".如: The train arrived on time.?［误］ It is time we go home.?［正］ It is time we should go home.?［正］ It is time we went home.?［析］ "是该作某事的时候了".其句形为: ① It is time for somebody to do something. ② "It is time+从句".从句中用"should+动词原形".或直接用动词的过去式.?［误］ Let's hurry. We haven't many times.?［正］ Let's hurry. We haven't much time.?［误］ I have been to America two times.?［正］ I have been to America twice.?［析］ time作为"时间"讲时为不可数名词.而作为"次"讲时则是可数名词.但"一次"不是one time.而是once,"二次"不是two times.而是twice,"三次"则是three times.?too ?［误］ This box is too heavy to lift it.?［正］ This box is too heavy to lift.?［析］ 在too-to这一结构中.如果主语和不定式的宾语是一致的.则不要重复.?［误］ The child is too young not to go to school.?［正］ The child is too young to go to school.?［析］ too-to这一结构用来表示"太--以致于不能--".但下面的句子则不能照此翻译: I'm too glad to meet you. 应译为"我见到你真太高兴了".?［误］ There is much too noise.?［正］ There is too much noise.?［析］ "much too+形容词".而"too much+不可数名词".?［误］ You have bought too much tomatoes.?［正］ You have bought too many tomatoes.?［析］ too many后才加可数名词.?also as well too ?这三个词是近义词.但其用法各有不同.其一.too和as well通常用于句末.如: She went to the cinema and her brother went too. 而also则不用于句末.如: I've also read her other novels. 其二.这三个词都不用于否定句中.否定句中用not-either.或neither/nor-,如: He ?isn't? here either.?trousers ?［误］ My trouser is getting smaller and smaller.?［正］ My trousers are getting smaller and smaller.?［析］ 英语中trousers, pants, shorts都要用复数形式.?［误］ This pair of glasses are very good.?［正］ This pair of glasses is very good.?［析］ 有了量词a pair of.其后的谓语动词要与量词相一致.如: two pairs of-的谓语动词就要用复数.?try ?［误］ I tried to send her flowers but it didn't have any effect.?［正］ I tried sending her flowers but it didn't have any effect. (我试着给她送花.但没有什么结果.)?［误］ Please try understanding it.?［正］ Please try to understand it.?［析］ "try+动名词"的意思是"试一试".或"做某事看看会发生什么情况".而"try+不定式"表示为达到目的要去做的事.??under ?［误］ The lake is two meters under sea level.?［正］ The lake is two meters below sea level.?［析］ under的意思是在某物的下面.而below＝lower than, 即"低于".?［误］ Under the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.?［正］ With the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.?understand ?［误］ I think it is diffcult to make myself to understand.?［正］ I think it is diffcult to make myself understood.?［析］ 这句话的意思是"我想让别人理解我太难了".?［误］ I am understanding the lesson now.?［正］ I understand the lesson now.?［析］ understand一词没有进行时态.类似的词还有belong, find, hear, love, like等.?until ?［误］ We walked until the edge of the forest.?［正］ We walked as far as the edge of the forest.?［误］ Our school bus can hold until twenty children.?［正］ Our school bus can hold up to twenty children.?［析］ until与till两词的意思一样.但两个词都只能用于时间.如: I'll wait until I hear from you.?［误］ I waited for my mother to seven o'clock, but she didn't come.?［正］ I waited for my mother until seven o'clock, but she didn't come.［误］ Can you return this book until Monday??［正］ Can you return this book by Monday??［析］ 当我们谈目前正在进行而将来某一时刻才停止的事件时用until.而用by来表达将来某一时刻会发生的动作.?［误］ We arrived home until it became dark.?［正］ We didn't arrived home until it became dark.?［析］ until用于肯定句时表示"某动作直到--为止".如: They worked until 5∶00 P. M. 用于否定句中时意为"直到--才".所以用于肯定句中要使用延续性动词.但截止性动词却可以用在否定句中.?upstairs ?［误］ He went to upstairs.?［正］ He went upstairs.?［析］ upstairs一词可用作副词.如: We all hurried upstairs to see what happened. 也可用作名词.如, The upstairs of the house needs painting. 同时也可以用作形容词.如: A house with three upstairs rooms is quite good.?use ?［误］ It is no use to ask her.?［正］ It is no use asking her.?［析］ It is no use-与There is no use-后通常用动名词.而不用不定式.?［误］ I'll get used to treat the students this way.?［正］ I'll get used to treating the students this way.?［析］ be used to与get used to后要接动名词表示"习惯于"做某事.?［误］ I used to getting up early in the morning.?［正］ I used to get up early in the morning.?［析］ used to表示过去习惯的动作.其后要加动词原形.?［误］ Oil was used to cooking.?［正］ Oil was used to cook.?［析］ 这里的句型虽然也是be used to但这里不是主动态.而是被动态.所以不能接动名词而应接不定式.?［误］ We used to go to the Great Wall three times.?［正］ We went to the Great Wall three times.?［析］ used to只能用来表示一种习惯.而不能用来表达某事发生的次数.? ?very ?［误］ Thank you indeed.?［正］ Thank you very much indeed.?［析］ indeed用来修饰very much, 但要放其后面.而且也不要单独使用.?［误］ The baby was very asleep.?［正］ The baby was fast asleep.?［析］ 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰.如: I'm wide awake. 再如: all alone.much afraid等.?［误］ The thing seems to be very improved.?［正］ The thing seems to be much improved.?［析］ 有些语法书讲very修饰现在分词.而much修饰过去分词.这要分别对待.如果过去分词是指一个具体的动作.而且是句中主要动词的一部分就必须用much.而某些形容词化的过去分词.还是要用very来修饰的.如: I am very tired.?［误］ There is very less water in the river than usual.?［正］ There is much/far less water in the river than usual.?［析］ very不能修饰形容词或副词的比较级.而要用far, much等来修饰.? wait ?［误］ Tomorrow I will wait you at the bus stop.?［正］ Tomorrow I will wait for you at the bus stop.?［析］ wait是不及物动词."等人"要用wait for somebody,而wait up为"不睡觉等候某事".如: I'll wait up tonight.?walk ?［误］ I think she went a walk yesterday.?［正］ I think she went out for a walk yesterday.?［析］ 散步在英文中要讲have a walk, take a walk.如果用go要用go for a walk.?want ?［误］ The flowers want to water.?［正］ The flowers want watering.?［析］ want在这里作为"需要"讲.其后加动名词.这句话的意思是"这花需要浇水."?［误］ Do you want someone go along with you??［正］ Do you want someone to go along with you??［析］ want somebody to do something为一固定用法.?wash ?［误］ Are you going to mak washing this weekend??［正］ Are you going to do washing this weekend??［析］ do washing为"洗衣服".是固定搭配.?watch ?［误］ Your watch is what time??［正］ What time is it by your watch??［析］ 一定要记住英文的习惯用法.?［误］ The mother want to watch the children to play on the grass.?［正］ The mother want to watch the children play on the grass.?［析］ watch的用法同see, hear等词.?way ?［误］ Please move the chair, it is on the way.?［正］ Please move the chair, it is in the way.?［析］ in the way 为"挡道".而on the way为"在路上".如: on my way home .on his way to the station.而by the way是"顺便说".如: By the way, have you heard from Joan recently??［误］ The students were on their way to home.?［正］ The students were on their way home.?［析］ home在这里为副词.?wear ?［误］ The little girl is old enough to wear herself.?［正］ The little girl is old enough to dress herself.?［析］ wear后接衣物而不接反身代词.?what ?［误］ I want to know what to do it??［正］ I want to know what to do?? ［误］ I want to know how to do??［正］ I want to know how to do it??［析］ what是疑问代词.而how是疑问副词.要注意它们用法的不同.?when ?［误］ I'd cook you nice meal when you'd come home in the evening.?［正］ I'd cook you nice meal when you came home in the evening.?［析］ 在when引导的状语从句中.要用一般时表示将来.即主句中是将来时.从句中应用一般现在时.如主句中是过去将来时.从句中应用一般过去时.如: I'll be back when you come back from school.?［误］ When in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.?［正］ When Tom was in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.?［析］ 复合句中只有当主句的主语与从句的主语一致的情况下.才有可能省略.如: When young he had to work all day.?［误］ We'll go to the park when it doesn't rain tomorrow. ?［正］ We'll go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.?［析］ if用来表示不能肯定的事如果发生会如何,而when用来表示肯定会发生或很可能会发生的事情.如: I'll see you in September when I come back.? ［误］ I don't know when he comes home tomorrow.?［正］ I don't know when he will come home tomorrow.?［析］ when所引出的宾语从句如果是表示将来的动作要用将来时.而不是像时间状语从句中用一般时表示将来. where ?［误］ I don't know where to go to.?［正］ I don't know where to go.?［析］ where是疑问副词.?whether ?［误］ It is unknown if he will come.?［正］ It is unknown whether he will come.?［析］ if不能引导主语从句.上句中it是形式主语.其后的从句才是真正的主语从句.要注意以下各种情况不宜用if而要用whether: ?① I didn't know whether you'll go or not. ?② He didn't know whether to visit the old man. ?③ I'm interested in whether he'll go. ?④ I want to know the news whether our team will win. ?⑤ Let me know whether you can come. (此句如用if则含意有所不同.其意就变为"如果你能来请通知我".而用whether则意为"让我知道你是否能来".)?who ?［误］ Whom do you think would like to come for a game of football??［正］ Who do you think would like to come for a game of football??［析］ 在这个句式中"do you think"应看作插入语.所以原句应为Who would like to come for a game of football??［误］ From who was the gift??［正］ From whom was the gift??［正］ Who was that gift from??［析］ 在句首时现代英语常用who取代whom.而在紧跟介词时则不能用who来取代whom.?why ?［误］ Why not to go to the park??［正］ Why not go to the park??［析］ why not后面接不带to的不定式.也可以用why don't you go with her??win ?［误］ We have won your class.?［正］ We have beaten your class.?［析］ win 是及物动词.其后的宾语应是比赛.战争.奖品.奖金.如: Which team won the football match?而beat是指"打败"对手.敌人.如: My brother beat me at poker. (请注意.beat是不规则动词.其过去式与原形相同.而过去分词为beaten. )?wish ?［误］ I hope you to be a good student.?［正］ I wish you to be a good student.?［析］ hope不能加宾语再加宾语补足语.而wish则可以.如: I wish you luck. ?without ?［误］ I can't do this work well without you help me.?［正］ I can't do this work well without your help.?［析］ without其后接动名词或名词而不接从句.?work ?［误］ This girl is looking for a work at the bank.?［正］ This girl is looking for a job at the bank.?［析］ "找工作"一般应为to find a job.而works作为"工作"讲为不可数名词.不能加不定冠词.也不可用复数.当work作为"作品"."著作"讲时.为可数名词.如: This painting is one of his great works. 而works作为"工厂"讲时单复数形式相同.如:an iron works或two iron works. 作主语时其谓语动词可用单数.如: The steel works is closed for the holidays.?write ?［误］ You may write with ink.?［正］ You may write in ink.?［正］ You may write with a pen.?［析］ "用--写"这一表达法要看用的是什么: 如果用钢笔则应用with, 如: Please fill in this form with a pen. 但讲用墨水时则要用in.?yesterday ?［误］ I came across my old friend yesterday night.?［正］ I came across my old friend last night.?［析］ "昨晚"应译为last night.

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