摘要：［正］ America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.?［析］ invent意为"发明"即从无到有.如: Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover则意为"发现".?it ?［误］ That takes me ten years to finish this work.?［正］ It takes me ten years to finish this work.?［析］ it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语.而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式.有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语.如: I think it difficult to learn English well.?join ?［误］ Did you attend the football club??［正］ Did you join the football club??［析］ join经常用于参加某个团体.政党.并作为其中的一个成员,attend则重点强调出会议.到场.而不一定进行具体活动.如: Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动.如: I take part in the football game.?just ?［误］ I have finished my work just now.?［正］ I finished my work just now.?［析］ just now意义"刚才".所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式.?［误］ Just I won the game.?［正］ I just won the game.?［析］ just单独使用时不应放在句首.而应放于① be动词之后.如: He is just a student.② 名词与一般动词之间.③ 用在第一助动词之后.如: I have just returned home. 但just与其他词组成词组时.如just now, just then, 则可用于句首和句尾.如: Just then he saw the bus coming.?just justly ?just常用于三种含意: ① 恰好.如: It's just five o'clock. ② 仅仅.相当于only, 如: I have just enough money to buy a dictionary. ③ 不久前.如: I just missed my old friend; He left a few minutes ago. 而justly其意为"公正的".如: He was justly punished for his crimes.?keep ?［误］ She was keeping something to her father.?［正］ She was keeping something from her father.?［析］ "对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keep something from somebody"句型.?［误］ He kept to repeat the word again and again.?［正］ He kept repeating the word again and again.?［析］ keep doing something为连续不断地做某事.有时可以与keep on doing something互换.它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中.如: When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中.如: He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.［误］ We must keep up the times.?［正］ We must keep up with the times.?［析］ 这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代".keep up with是"赶上"之意.而keep up则是"坚持下去"的意思.如: Keep it up, don't stop now!?key ?［误］ I lost the key of the door.?［正］ I lost the key to the door.?［析］ 英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of.而key, entrance, answer则多用to.如:"门的钥匙"为key to the door, "高速公路入口"为entrance to the highway, "问题的答案"为the answer (key) to the question.?kind ?［误］ This kind of books are not good.?［正］ This kind of books is not good.?［析］ kind在这种句式中应作为主语.如果讲Those kinds of books are very good. 则是正确的.?kind sort type ?kind和sort为同义词.意为"种类".而type则为"型号".如: What type of this car do you want?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)?knock ?［误］ Someone was knocking the door.?［正］ Someone was knocking at the door.?［析］ knock虽可以作及物动词.如: The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词: knock at (on) the door.?know ?［误］ I want to know to play this game.?［正］ I want to know how to play this game.?［析］ 要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法.如:I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.?know know of ?I know him.为"我很了解他."而I know of him. 则为"我听说过他."同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组.??large ?［误］ He found a large number of mistake in his homework.?［正］ He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.?［析］ "a large number of + 复数名词".意为大量的.? last ?［误］ This is the newest news.?［正］ This is the latest news.?［析］ "最新消息"应为latest news.因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息.请注意英语与汉语的区别.?last the last ?［误］ I saw my brother the last week.?［正］ I saw my brother last week.?［析］ 当谈到与目前有关的上月.上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词.the last 可用于表示一系列词的最后一个.如: That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期.如: I am busy for the last week.?late ?［误］ Yesterday I went home lately.?［正］ Yesterday I went home late.?［析］ late即可做形容词又可作副词,而lately则意为"最近的".如: I haven't seen her lately.?late latter later lately ?late有两个比较级.指时间较晚应用later.如口语中常讲: See you later. 而latter则指按顺序讲的后者.或靠后的.其反意词为former.如: the former president.又如: I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为"近来"."不久前".?laughed at by his classmates. 中的at是不可省掉的.?laugh over 则指"笑着谈论"某事.如 We laugh over the film. (我们笑着谈论那个电影.)?lay ?［误］ We lied on the beach.?［正］ We lay on the beach.?［析］ 英文中有三个动词易混.在考试中也频频出现.它们的现在式.过去式.过去分词以及现在分词是: ?lay laid laid laying?lie lay lain cying?lie lied lied lying?learn ?［误］ The teacher said:"You must study this poem by heart."?［正］ The teacher said:"You must learn this poem by heart."?［析］ study与learn在作"学习"讲时.常常可以互换.但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习.如:The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程.如: I'm studying at this college. 而learn-by heart则是"记住"."背诵"之意.?leave ?［误］ I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.?［正］ I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.?［析］ leave for一词组为"去某地".如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略.?leave forget ?［误］ I've forgotten my homework at home.?［正］ I've forgotten my homework.?［正］ I've left my homework at home.?［析］ 如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.?lesson ?［误］ I have two lessons of English.?［正］ I have two English lessons.?［正］ I have two lessons in English.?［析］ "我有两节英语课."这一表达法如上.但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"I have two classes."?teach somebody a lesson 为"教训某人".或"要吸取教训".如: Let this thing teaches you a lesson.?lend ?［误］ Please borrow me your bike.?［正］ Please lend me your bike.?［析］ borrow是指"借入".如: I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是"借出".如: I can lend you my bike. 而keep为"借多久": 如 How long can I keep it??less ?［误］ He has fewer money than she has.?［正］ He has less money than she has.?［析］ less是little的比较级.而fewer是few的比较级.要注意前者修饰不可数名词.而后者修饰可数名词.?let ?［误］ The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?［正］ The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?［析］ 虽然let, have, make有相同的用法.但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思.［误］ Let's go to the park, will you??［正］ Let's go to the park, shall we??［误］ Let us go to the park, shall we??［正］ Let us go to the park, will you??［析］ Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you??life ?［误］ Many people lost their life in the Second World War.?［正］ Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.?［析］ life作为"生命"."性命"时应为可数名词,当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词.如: Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如: Life is not all fun.?light ?［误］ There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.?［正］ There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.?［析］ light有两个过去分词: lighted和lit.当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.?light可以用作名词.如: The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词.如: The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词.如: The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有"轻"."浅"等意.如: This box is light. I like light blue.?like ?［误］ My sister is very as me.?［正］ My sister is very like me.?［析］ as 作为连词其后要接从句.如: She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词.其后接宾语.?［误］ Do you like swimming with me tonight.?［正］ Would you like to swim with me tonight.?［析］ like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时.其后面可接不定式也可接动名词.用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作.如: I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作.如: I like swimming very much.?like alike ?作为形容词.alike 一般不作定语.而只作表语.如, The twins are very alike.?［误］ Would you like swimming with us??［正］ Would you like to swim with us??［析］ 在would you like-这一句型中.其后面只能接不定式.而不能接动名词.?like的用法还要注意以下两点: ① He likes Tom. 为"他喜欢汤姆."② He is like Tom. 为"他像汤姆."第二句话的like为介词.而第一句话的like为动词.?listen ?［误］ You should hear the teahcer's advice.?［正］ You should listen to the teacher's advice.?［析］ hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音.而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性.如: We listen but hear nothing. 例句为"听取某人意见".所以只能用listen to someone's advice.?little ?［误］ Don't worry, there is little time.?［正］ Don't worry, there is a little time.?［误］ There is a little water. Shall I get some??［正］ There is little water. Shall I get some??［析］ 要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的.如中文"水不多了.我去取点吧."英文要讲"没水了.我去取点吧."?little small ?little与small是近义词.在作定语时常常可以互换.如: a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表语.如: The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩.而small则带有对比的含义.?live ?［误］ Tom lives with his parents' money.?［正］ Tom lives on his parents' money.?［误］ He lives on teaching.?［正］ He lives by teaching.?［析］ "靠吃某物为生"应用live on something, 而live by是"靠某种生活手段为生".?living alive ?living侧重于生活得很好.身体不错.如: My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的.如: Is that cat alive or dead??lonely ?［误］ She wanted to do her homework lonely.?［正］ She wanted to do her homework alone.?［析］ lonely意为"寂寞的"."孤单的".如: The old man felt lonely. alone则意为"独自的"."单独的".如: He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.?long ?［误］ I have been studying long for the exam.?［正］ I have been studying for a long time for the exam.?［析］ long用作表达时间的副词时.在否定句及疑问句中最常用.但在肯定句中除与so, too, as-as连用外.一般要用for a long time.?［误］ I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.?［正］ I'll call you as long as the book is returned.?［析］ as-as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来.?［误］ How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.?［正］ How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.?［析］ 因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率.要用how often.?look ?look for find ?look for 侧重于 "寻找"这个动作.如: What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果.如: It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for.因为真正困难的是"找到"工作.?其他用法还有:?［例］ He often looks back on his high?school days.?［析］ look back on something 为"回顾"."回想".?［例］ I wish you wouldn't look down on the children's work.?［析］ look down on 为"看不起"某人或某事.?［误］ I'm looking forward to see you.?［正］ I'm looking forward to seeing you.?［析］ look forward to词组中的to是介词.所以其后要加名词或动名词.不能接不定式.?lot ?［误］ I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.?［正］ I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.?［析］ much money多用于疑问句与否定句中.而在肯定句中要用a lot of.?lots of与a lot of之间无多大区别.两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词.所以常常可以互换.?［误］ He is more happier now.?［正］ He is a lot happier now.?［析］ 不可用more来修饰比较级.能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等.?loud loudly ?这两个词含意相同.在日常用语中loud多与talk.speak, shout, laugh等动词连用.如:Don't speak so loud. you'll wake the baby. 而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.?loud aloud ?loud多指把声音放大.而aloud则指要出声不要默读.如:?-What did you say??-Oh, nothing, I was just think aloud. ?make ?［误］ The little boy was made repeat the whole story.?［正］ The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.?［误］ The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.?［正］ The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.?［析］ make 的句型为"make somebody do something".但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来.?［误］ I always do this mistake.?［正］ I always make this mistake.?［析］ 英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词.do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时.如: do a favour.do one's best.do good.而多数情况下常用make, 如: make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed.make a noise, make money等等.?［误］ This wine was made of grapes.?［正］ This wine was made from grapes.?［析］ 当成品制成后.其原料的性质有所改变时应用make from.否则用make of. 如: This door was made of iron.?［误］ Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.?［正］ Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.?［析］ make up是"创造"."编织".而make up for是"弥补--的不足之处".上句应译为"勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足."?［误］ We made up our mind to study hard.?［正］ We made up our minds to study hard.?［析］ mind这里是可数名词.使用时要特别予以注意make up one's mind是"下定决心"之意.?［误］ Our class is made of twenty girls and twenty?one boys.?［正］ Our class is made up of twenty girls and twenty?one boys.?［析］ make up of-是"某物由--组成或构成".?many ?［误］ I have many friends.?［正］ I have a lot of friends.?［析］ many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中.而在肯定句中则用处不多.尤其在非正式谈话中.如:?-How much money have you got??-I've got plenty.?［误］ You bought much too tomatoes.?［正］ You bought too many tomatoes.?［析］ too many后接可数名词.too much后接不可数名词.而much too后面接形容词.意为"太多".?［误］ For many a weeks it rained a lot.?［正］ For many a week it rained a lot.?［析］ many a意为"好多"."许多".但其后面要加单数名词.?matter ?［误］ No matter what you did.?［正］ No matter what you did, I trusted you.?［析］ No matter是个词组.意为"不论".它的语法功能是起连接作用.所以不能用于一个单独的句子.?it doesn't matter这个词组则不是一个连接词组.所以可以和一个单句连用.如: It ?doesn't? mater what you say. ?maybe ?［误］ May be he is right.?［正］ Maybe he is right.?［析］ maybe是副词.不要错用为may be.?maybe perhaps ?这两个词的词意一样.maybe常用于非正式谈话.而perhaps则多用在正式文体中.如: Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better. 而?Julius Caesar? is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.?mend ?［误］ I want to have my bike mended.?［正］ I want to have my bike repaired.?［析］ mend意为"缝补".如: My mother mended my coat. 而repair是"修理".?mind ?［误］ Could you mind to close the door??［正］ Could you mind closing the door??［误］ Try to make up your mind studying hard.?［正］ Try to make up your mind to study hard.?［析］ mind用作动词时.其后加动名词,而用作名词意为"下定决心"时.其后要加不定式. ?要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语: 如果你不介意.应回答"No, go ahead."如果你不想让对方吸烟.则应讲"Yes, please don't."?miss ?［误］ I found my bag missed.?［正］ I found my bag missing.?［析］ missing为形容词.其意为"不见了"."丢了".在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed.它作动词时多为及物动词.要接名词或动名词.而不接不定式.如: I missed the first train, I don't want to miss seeing the famous football player.?在作补足语讲某物"不见了"时有missing, gone, lost等.如: I found my bag missing .?mistake ?［误］ I took your pen by wrong.?［正］ I took your pen by mistake.?［析］ by mistake是"错拿了"."误拿了"你的东西.wrong意为"错误".而by mistake为"弄混了".如:?［误］ If I'm not wrong, you are Mr Brown.?［正］ If I'm not mistaken, you are Mr Brown. (如果我没弄错的话.您是Brown先生.)［误］ The teachers always mistook me as my brother.?［正］ The teachers always mistook me for my brother.?［析］ mistake-for-是"错把--当作--"之意.如: I took your book for mine.?more ?［误］ This book is more better than that one.?［正］ This book is much better than that one.?［析］ 不能用比较级来修饰比较级.而应用much, rather等来修饰比较级.?［误］ More you read, more you learn.?［正］ The more you read, the more you learn.?［析］ 在"越--越--的"表达法中.形容词的比较级前要加定冠词.请注意more than one这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词.如: More than one student is going to do part time job after school.?no more than not morethan ?no more than应译为"只不过"."才".如: He wrote no more than three books. 即他真正写了三本书.而not more than则意为"不会多于".如: He wrote not more than three books. 即他写的书不会多于三本.又如: He is no shorter than you. 应译为"你和他都不矮".而He is not shorter than you. 才应译为"他比你高."?most ?［误］ Most of students are good at English.?［正］ Most of the students are good at English.?［正］ Most students are good at English.?［析］ most of这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词.?［误］ My friends are most teachers.?［正］ My friends are mostly teachers.?［析］ mostly意为"大部分的"."主要的".?much ?［误］ The boy was asleep very much.?［正］ The boy was fast asleep.?［析］ 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰.如fast asleep意为"熟睡".则是固定搭配.像interesting, exciting, surprising这些形容词化的现在分词.以及tired, interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰.?must ?［误］ He must be in the office, and mustn't go home.?［正］ He must be in the office, and can't go home.?［析］ must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测.而否定的推测则要用can't加动词原形.?［误］ It must have rained now.?［正］ It must have rained yesterday.?［析］ "must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测.这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了."又如: I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it.?must have to ?must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做.如I must stop smoking. 其意为:我自己认为我要戒烟,而have to则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事.如: I have to go to school tomorrow.?must无过去式.当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用had to, 如: When I was young, I had to go to the factory.?在否定句中mustn't意为:一定不要做某事.如: You mustn't tell this to Tom. 而haven't to则多意为没有必要去做.如: You don't have to tell this to Tom. 而英语中多用needn't 来取代haven't to.?myself ?［误］ I can't play ping?pong myself.?［正］ I can't play ping?pong by myself.?［析］ 第一句并无语法错误.myself为"我亲自要去".而by myself为"独自一人".这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球."而I want to play ping?pong myself. 应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球."? name ? ［误］ She was named of a flower.?［正］ She was named after a flower.?［析］ 以--命名应为name after.又如给某人取名应为The father named his son Tom.?near ?［误］ We came near to hit him.?［正］ We came near to hitting him.?［析］ 这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿."near to这一用法中to为介词.其后要接宾语.所以要接名词或动名词.near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to.如: I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.?by near ?We lived near the city. 与We lived by the city. 两句话都是对的.但其表达的意义有所不同.by在表达距离时比near更近.所以by the city是紧靠近某城市.?need ?［误］ This room needs to clean.?［正］ This room needs to be cleaned.?［正］ This room needs cleaning.?［析］ 在表达某事需要做什么时.need后面如用不定式要用其被动态.如接动名词则要用主动态.?［误］ We need not to do it.?［正］ We needn't do it.?［析］ need用在否定句.疑问句中一般用作情态动词.所以无人称变化也不加to.而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词.如: We need your help.?neither ?［误］ None of my parents is a teacher.?［正］ Neither of my parents is a teacher.?［析］ 对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情况.?［误］ I don't do my homework. Neither he does.?［正］ I don't do my homework. Neither does he.?［析］ 这时应用倒装句.?［误］ Neither you nor I are right.?［正］ Neither you nor I am right.?［析］ neither-nor- 这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致.?［误］ Neither he studies nor plays.?［正］ Neither does he study nor play.?［析］ neither, hardly, seldom等否定词位于句首时.谓语动词采用倒装形式.?never ?［误］ Never I have broken my word.?［正］ Never have I broken my word.?［析］ never用于句首时起强调作用.要用倒装语序.但用于句中一般放于情态动词.助动词.或be动词后面.如: I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成语中.如: Better late than never. never mind没关系.如: "What did you say?""Oh, never mind."?news ?［误］ There are many news about the accident.?［正］ There is much news about the accident.?［析］ news是不可数名词.它没有复数形式.如果讲一条新闻要用a piece of news. newspaper ?［误］ I read the news on today's newspaper.?［正］ I read the news in today's newspaper.?［析］ 在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in.而on the newspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上.如: May I put the flower on this newspaper??night ?［误］ I came home very late yesterday night.?［正］ I came home very late last night.?［析］ "昨晚"一般要讲last night.而不应参照"昨天上午.下午.傍晚"的说法yesterday morning等套用.?no none ?no是个限定词.它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前.如: No news is good news. 但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no.而要用none of.如None of the students was here.?no not ?要使句子具有部分否定的意思.我们用not.如: I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定则用no.如Sorry, there is no time to talk.?No one none ?no one与nobody一样不能接of结构.如: No one wished me good luck. 而要用of结构时要用none, 如: None of my friends wished me good luck.?nor ?［误］ I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it.?［正］ I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it.?［析］ 注意在表达"既不--也不--"时不要用or作连词.而要用nor.并且要用倒装语序. ?not ?［误］ The students went to the park, but no the teachers.?［正］ The students went to the park, but not the teachers.?［析］ 要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not, 而不用no.?［误］ There is no my letter today.?［正］ There is no letter for me today.?［析］ no是一个限定词.用在名词前时.要注意这个名词前应没有冠词.物主代词或指示代词.?［误］ He not only was a writer but also an actor.?［正］ He was not only a writer but also an actor.?［析］ 在这一句型中not only之后的词与but also之后的词类必须一致.否则应为错句.如果这一结构用在主语位置.则谓语动词要与but also后面的主语保持一致.如: Not only you but also I am wrong.?nothing ?［误］ Nothing but books were sold here.?［正］ Nothing but books was sold here.?［析］ 要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books.所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错.［误］ I have nothing to do but to cry.?［正］ I have nothing to do but cry.?［析］ 在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式.?number ?［误］ A number of news can be heard on TV today.?［正］ A lot of news can be heard on TV today.?［析］ a number of后接可数名词复数.?［误］ The number of students are ten thousand.?［正］ The number of students is ten thousand.?［析］ a number of 其意为"大量的".而the number of-是"某某的数量".即the number of students意为"学生人数".所以要用单数形式的谓语动词.?o'clock ?［误］ It's ten past five o'clock.?［正］ It's ten past five.?［析］ o'clock所表达的时间是正点.如果要表达的时间是几点几分或差几分几点都不能用o'clock.?once ?［误］ Please come and see me once.?［正］ Please come and see me one day.?［析］ once用来谈论过去的事情.而不能谈论未来.如果要谈及未来要用one day, some time等.?［误］ I met him one time when I was a student.?［正］ I met him once when I was a student.?［析］ 英语中一次应用once而不用one time.二次要用twice而不用two times.?one ?［误］ My grandfather wants to live for hundred years.?［正］ My grandfather wants to live for one hundred years.?［误］ He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy new one.?［正］ He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy a new one.?［误］ His dog is bigger than my one.?［正］ His dog is bigger than mine.?［析］ 一般物主代词之后不用one.除非one前有修饰词.如my old one. 否则要用名词性物主代词.?［误］ One of the teacher is in the office.?［误］ One of the teachers are in the office.?［正］ One of the teachers is in the office.?［析］ One是句子的主语.其谓语动词应用单数.而of后面的名词要用复数名词.?［误］ One third of the books is sent to the students.?［正］ One third of the books are sent to the students.?［析］ 几分之几或百分之几这一结构用在主语位置.其谓语动词要与of后面的名词一致.如Two thirds of the work is done.?open ?［误］ Are the banks opened today??［正］ Are the banks open today??［析］ 要注意open即可用作动词.名词.还可以用作形容词.而close则不同.请看: Are the banks closed today?这一句是正确的.?or ?［误］ He doesn't drink and smoke.?［正］ He doesn't drink or smoke.?［析］ 否定句中的并列连词要用or而不用and.?［误］ He neither drinks or smokes.?［正］ He neither drinks nor smokes.?other ?［误］ Where are the others students??［正］ Where are the other students??［正］ Where are the others??［析］ other作形容词时没有复数形式.且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词.如: Ask some other eople. 而加定冠词后为特指. the other可在句中作主语.宾语或定语.如: Now let me show you the other. He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a teacher. others 只能作代词.而the others则为特指.如: There are five books. Two of them are not good. I like the others.?out ?［误］ She went out the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.?［正］ She went out of the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.?［析］ out of是指"从--里出来".使用时不要将of丢掉.? paper ?［误］ Please give me two letter papers.?［正］ Please give me two sheets of letter paper.?［析］ paper作为纸讲为不可数名词.?［误］ Each student must write paper on what he learned.?［正］ Each student must write a paper on what he learned.?［析］ 这里的paper作为论文讲.是可数名词.paper的这种用法还可以用于证件.报纸.考卷等.parent ?［误］ My parents and I are both interested in football.［正］ My parents and I are all interested in football.?［析］ parents即为父母.双亲.指两个人.加上自己为三个人.所以只能用all而不能用both.? pass ?［误］ The ship pasted the channel.?［正］ The ship passed the channel.?［析］ pass为动词.而past则为副词.不要混淆.如: My father has been ill for the past two weeks. All the students passed the exam.?pay ?［误］ Please help me do this job, and I will pay for you later.?［正］ Please help me do this job and I will pay you later.?［析］ 为某工作付给工人工资应为pay somebody, 而pay for something是为某物付款.如: You can buy all the things you want. I'll pay for those.?people ?［误］ There are five hundred peoples here.?［正］ There are five hundred people here.?［误］ There is only one people.?［正］ There is only one person.?［误］ People there is friendly.?［正］ People there are friendly.?［析］ people作为人讲时为复数名词.如要讲一个人应用one person, 而不能用people, 讲若干人时用people而不能加s.这样的用法还有police等.这些概念用单数时要换其他的词. 如: people-a person; police-policeman policewoman; youth-a young man/woman.?picture ?［误］ There are some spots in the picture.?［正］ There are some spots on the picture.?［误］ There is a young woman on the picture.?［正］ There is a young woman in the picture.?［析］ 指溅落在画面上的灰尘.污物是on the picture.即讲与画面内容无关的东西用on.而in the picture用于讲画面的内容.?pity ?［误］ What pity that her mother must always suffer!?［正］ What a pity that her mother must always suffer!?［析］ pity作为遗憾之事讲常加不定冠词,但要注意作为同情.怜悯讲则不加冠词.为不可数名词.如: I feel pity for you. 它还可以用作动词.如: He pitied the poor people.?［误］ I have pity for you.?［正］ I have pity on you.?［析］ 可怜某人时应用have pity on somebody.这是个惯用法.?place ?［误］ Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to another.?［正］ Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to place (from one place to another).?［析］ 到处译为英文时为from place to place请不要在place之前加冠词.这种用法在有些语法书中叫作零冠词用法.如:一户挨一户为door by door.手拉手为hand in hand.?［误］ The accident was taken place in that street.?［正］ The accident took place in that street.?［析］ take place为发生.它不能用于被动态.这样的词还有happen等.?［误］ There is no place in the bus.?［正］ There is no room in the bus.?［析］ room这里为不可数名词.意为空间.即没有地方了.place多指场所所在之地.［误］ I came here to take place of Mr Smith.?［正］ I came here to take the place of Mr Smith.?［析］ take the place of 意为代替.取代某人某事.?play ?［误］ Do you want to play guitar??［正］ Do you want to play the guitar??［误］ I like to play the bridge.?［正］ I like to play bridge.?［析］ play作为玩讲时.在各种乐器前要加冠词.在各种体育运动前则没有冠词.?please ?［误］ My friend pleased me to his birthday party yesterday.?［正］ My friend invited me to his birthday party yesterday.?［析］ please作为动词时其词义不是请.而是高兴.愿意等意.如: She always does what she pleases. (她总是想做什么就做什么.)又如: It's hard to please all. 而please作为请讲时为语气词.多用于祈使句中.如: Please come in.?［误］ Both the teacher and the mother were pleased to the little girl.?［正］ Both the teacher and the mother were pleased with the little girl.?［析］ 对某人表示满意.喜欢.应用be pleased with somebody. 对某事感到高兴和满意时多用be pleased at或about.但有时也可用with.却不能用of.?pleasure ?［误］ The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasures.?［正］ The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasure.?［析］ pleasure作为高兴.愉快.享乐.娱乐 讲时为不可数名词.?［误］ It is pleasure to work with you.?［正］ It is a pleasure to work with you.?［析］ pleasure作为一件或某件乐事.高兴之事讲时为 可数名词.如: It is one of my pleasures.?police ?［误］ The police has not found the cause of the accident.［正］ The police have not found the cause of the accident.［析］ police为复数名词.它没有单数形式.如果要讲一个警察 要用a policeman.两个要用two policemen.或a policewoman, two policewomen.?prepare ?［误］ I'm preparing the exam.?［正］ I'm preparing for the exam.?［误］ We'll return in time for you to prepare for dinner.［正］ We'll return in time for you to prepare dinner.?［析］ prepare既是及物动词.又是不及物动词.作及物动词时 其后面所跟的事物是正在 准备的,而作不及物动词时for后面的事物是目标.如: I'm preparing for the exam. 应译为我正在为考试做准备.同样的用法还有search与search for.?present ?［误］ Don't worry. I can present the meeting.?［正］ Don't worry. I can be present at the meeting.?［析］ present作为出席.在场讲时.是形容词而不应 用作动词.其动词意为 送给;赠给;提出.如: The reporter presented arguments of his idea.? put ?［误］ She put off her red dress and put on the green one.［正］ She took off her red dress and put on the green on e.?［析］ 与put连用的介词很多.一般来讲on与off是一对相反的意 义的介词.如: turn on .穿衣服是put on.但脱衣服却只能用take off,而put o ff是推迟.使某人下车.关掉之意.如: They put off the exam because t he national holiday. (因国家假日而推迟考期.)Could you put me off at the Town Ha ll. Please put off the wireless before you leave. ??radio ?［误］ There are two radioes in the classroom.?［正］ There are two radios in the classroom.?［误］ I heard the weather report through the radio.?［正］ I heard the weather report on the radio.?［析］ 在收音机中听到某事应为hear something on the ra dio.听收音机应为l isten to the radio. 这样的用法还有电视.看电视为watch TV.讲在电视上看见什 么节目为watch-on TV.如: I'm watching the football match on TV. 但注意.作为 一种通信手段时应为by radio, 如: Police are talking to each other by radio.? rain ?［误］ There is a small rain falling.?［正］ There is a light rain falling.?［误］ There is a big rain.?［正］ There is a heavy rain.?［析］ 大雨在英文中应为a heavy rain, rain cats and do gs 为倾盆大雨.小雨 为a light rain. 千万不要讲a big rain 或a small rain. 当作动词讲时.雨下得很 大可译为: It rains very much now/hard now/heavily now.?reach ?［误］ We reached to the town very late.?［正］ We reached the town very late.?［析］ reach作为到达讲是及物动词.而arrive为不及物动 词.但要注意reach的词组 搭配.如reach for. 为伸手去拿.如: The thief reached for the gun. reach ou t伸出手.如: He reached out and took an interesting book.?ready ?［误］ You must ready at once.?［正］ You must be ready at once.?［析］ ready为形容词.而不像中文中准备为动词.?remember ?［误］ I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief c ame into the room directly.?［正］ I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room directly.?［析］ remember其后接动名词.动名词所表示的动作已经做完. 如: I don't remember meeting you. 其后如接不定式.不定式表达的动作还没有去做.如: Do remember to tur n off the light before you leave.?rest ?［误］ The rest of the students is girls.?［正］ The rest of the students are girls.?［析］ rest作剩余部分讲时.the rest of-结构作主语时 其谓语动词应与of后面的名词的数保持一致.这种用法还有1/3 of, 80% of等.?［误］ The rest of the work are done.?［正］ The rest of the work is done.?return ?［误］ My friends returned back to their second home town .?［正］ My friends returned to their second home town.?［析］ return即为返回.所以back是多余的.这句话还可以 表述为: My friends went back to their second home town.?rice ?［误］ We had a few rice and some bread.?［正］ We had a little rice and some bread.?［析］ rice为物质名词.为不可数名词.?rice ?［误］ We had a few rice and some bread.?［正］ We had a little rice and some bread.?［析］ rice为物质名词.为不可数名词.?rich ?［误］ The country is rich of oil.?［正］ The country is rich in oil.?［析］ be rich in 为盛产--.?［误］ The rich is not always happy.?［正］ The rich are not always happy.?［析］ 形容词加定冠词表示一类人.作主语时要作复数看待.?［误］ All his riches is no good to him if he is so ill.［正］ All his riches are no good to him if he is so ill.［析］ riches为财富.是复数名词.没有单数形式.像这 样的词还有goods.manners等.?river ［误］ We like swimming on the river.?［正］ We like swimming in the river.?［误］ We like boating in the river.?［正］ We like boating on the river.?［析］ 游泳用in the river.而在湖中划船要用on the river.room［误］ There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make a room for her.?［正］ There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make room for her.?［析］ room作为空间讲时为不可数名词.leave room for- 为给某人留点空地, make room for-为让位给某人.如: The young man made room for an old woman.?run ?［误］ I ran across with an old friend at the school gate .?［正］ I ran across an old friend at the school gate.?［析］ run across 为偶然相遇.?［误］ The truck ran across the cat.?［正］ The truck ran over the cat.?［析］ run over为从--上辗过.?［误］ Yesterday I ran to a storm on my way home.?［正］ Yesterday I ran into a storm on my way home.?［析］ run into为撞上或撞在--上.??safe ［误］ The brave man safed the boy from drowning.?［正］ The brave man saved the boy from drowning.?［析］ safe是形容词.如: They wished him a safe journey. safely是副词.如: The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名词.如: safety island.Safety first!但save是动词.same ?［误］ Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.?［正］ Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.?［析］ the same that意为"即是".而the same as才能译为"像--一样的."?［误］ Your book is not same as mine.?［正］ Your book is not the same as mine.?［析］ the same as中的定冠词不能少.say ?［误］ His report wrote she is nineteen.?［正］ His report says she is nineteen.?［析］ 中文中常讲"报告上写到"."信上写到".这样的"写"在英文中要用say.?say speak talk tell ?英文中"说"一般有四个词.其中say和tell为及物动词.tell可以加双宾语.如Please tell me a story. 而speak与talk为不及物动词.speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的.如: Please speak English. 请看下句: He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.?sea ?［误］ As a boy his great ambition was to go to the sea.?［正］ As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.?［析］ go to sea为"去当水手.海员",而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如: He want to go to the sea for his vacation.?在"海中"游泳为in the sea; at sea为在"海上航行".如: I have a brother at sea. by sea为"坐船"."由海路运输".如: We travelled to New York by sea.?second ?［误］ I want to learn the second foreign language.?［正］ I want to learn a second foreign language.?［析］ 当作为"第二"外语."再增加一个"时.不要用the second而要用a second. the second强调排队的次序.a second强调再增加一个.?see ? ［误］ He was seen leave the room.?［正］ He was seen to leave the room.?［析］ see作主动态时用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被动态时则是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意惯用法let me see.?sheep ?［误］ There are five sheeps on the grass.?［正］ There are five sheep on the grass.?［析］ sheep是单.复数同形名词.其他的还有: deer等.?ship ?［误］ I travelled on a yacht.?［正］ I travelled on a ship .?［析］ 虽然都是船.但游艇要用in, 而ship要用on.?sick ?［误］ The little boy was a ill boy.?［正］ The little boy was a sick boy.?［析］ sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意.如: He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都对.但作定语时则只能用sick.?since ?

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