COLUMBUS, Ohio—The heart operation taking place in the pale-green operating room at the Ohio State University Medical Center was unusual. The patient, a 62-year-old man, was made to sleep, tied with blue drapes（消毒帷帘）and lying face up on a narrow table. But no one was touching him.

Instead, the operation was being performed by a robot, whose three metal arms went through pencil-sized holes in the man’s chest. At the ends of the robot’s arms were tiny metal fingers, with turning wrists, which held a tiny instrument, a light and a camera. The robot’s arms and fingers were controlled by Dr. Randall K. Wolf, sitting at a computer in a corner of the operating room about 20 feet away.

This sort of operation, heart surgeons say, is the start of what may be the biggest change in their profession since heart bypass surgery（心脏搭桥手术）began nearly 30 years ago. “The reason we make cuts is that we have big hands,” said Dr. Wolf, the director of the surgery at Ohio State. The robot’s dainty fingers, no longer than a nail on the small finger, at the end of the long sticks could work better.

Eventually, surgeons believe, most heart surgery will be done by robots whose arms are put in through pencil-sized holes punched in patients’ chests. Instead of directly staring into a patient’s body, surgeons will view magnified images of the operation on computer screens. In theory, the doctor would not have to be in the same room, or even the same country, as the patient.

1.In this passage, the underlined word “dainty” means ______.

2.According to the passage, the reason that most operations require large cuts is that ______.

3.The main idea of this passage is that heart surgery by robots ______.

4.Based on the information in this passage, all of the following conclusions are true EXCEPT ______.

People who are outdoors in cold weather should avoid actions like suddenly lifting a heavy basket full of snow．Even walking through heavy, wet snow can strain a person’s heart.

       Many people aren’t conditioned to the physical stress of outdoor activities and don’t know the dangers of being outdoors in cold weather．Those who like winter sports can suffer accidental hypothermia if they don’t make certain preparations.

       Hypothermia means the body temperature has fallen below normal．It occurs when your body can’t produce enough energy to keep the internal （内部的） body temperature warm enough．It can kill you．Heart failure causes most deaths in hypothermia.

       Children, the elderly and those with heart disease are at special risk．As people age, their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature often decreases．Elderly people can suffer hypothermia without knowing they’re in danger because they can’t notice the cold conditions as quickly as the young.

       Besides cold temperatures, high winds, snow and rain can also steal body heat．Wind is especially dangerous because it removes the layer of heated air from around your body．At 30 degrees Fahrenheit in a 20-mile-per-hour wind, the cooling effect is equal to calm air at four degrees．Similarly dampness （湿气） causes the body to lose heat faster than it would at the same temperature in drier conditions.

       To keep warm, wear more clothes．This traps air between layers．Also, wear a hat or head scarf．Much of your body’s heat can be lost through your head．Keep your hands and feet warm, too, as they tend to lose heat rapidly.

       Don’t drink alcohol before going outdoors or when outside．Alcohol makes you feel warm at first because blood vessels in the skin expand．But heat is then drawn away from the body’s important organs.

1．The underlined word “strain” in Paragraph 1 means ________.

       A．injure                 B．warm               C．control                D．burn

2．What is implied in the passage about hypothermia?

       A．It means the body temperature falls rapidly.

       B．Most heart attacks are caused by it.

       C．It is not as scary as people think.

       D．It can threaten a person’s life.

3．Based on the passage, one of the reasons why the elderly are at special risk of suffering from hypothermia is that _______.

       A．they like exercising outside in cold mornings

       B．they can’t notice cold conditions if they are not told

       C．their body temperature is generally lower than young people’s

D．their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature is not so good

4．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?

       A．What causes the body to lose heat faster.

       B．The advantages of drier conditions.

       C．What else can steal body heat.

       D．Dangers of high winds.

5．Which of the following is NOT a result of drinking alcohol before going outdoors?

       A．Feeling warm at first

       B．The body’s heat is taken away

       C．Blood vessels in the skin expand

       D．The risk of hypothermia is reduced

People who are outdoors in cold weather should avoid actions like suddenly lifting a heavy basket full of snow. Even walking through heavy, wet snow can strain a person’s heart.
Many people aren’t conditioned to the physical stress of outdoor activities and don’t know the dangers of being outdoors in cold weather. Those who like winter sports can suffer accidental hypothermia if they don’t make certain preparations.
Hypothermia means the body temperature has fallen below normal. It occurs when your body can’t produce enough energy to keep the internal (内部的) body temperature warm enough. It can kill you. Heart failure causes most deaths in hypothermia.
Children, the elderly and those with heart disease are at special risk. As people age, their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature often decreases. Elderly people can suffer hypothermia without knowing they’re in danger because they can’t notice the cold conditions as quickly as the young.
Besides cold temperatures, high winds,  snow and rain can also steal body heat. Wind is especially dangerous because it removes the layer of heated air from around your body. At 30 degrees Fahrenheit in a 20-mile-per-hour wind, the cooling effect is equal to calm air at four degrees. Similarly dampness (湿气) causes the body to lose heat faster than it would at the same temperature in drier conditions.
To keep warm, wear more clothes. This traps air between layers. Also, wear a hat or head scarf. Much of your body’s heat can be lost through your head. Keep your hands and feet warm, too, as they tend to lose heat rapidly.
Don’t drink alcohol before going outdoors or when outside. Alcohol makes you feel warm at first because blood vessels in the skin expand. But heat is then drawn away from the body’s important organs.
【小题1】The underlined word “strain” in Paragraph 1 means ________.