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转基因食品其实很环保
①自去年抗虫害转基因水稻和植酸酶转基因玉米获得安全证书以来,媒体和网站上有关转基因作物的争论就没有平息过。一般人关心的是转基因食品是否安全,媒体也爱传播“美国把中国人当成小白鼠”“世博会禁止转基因食品”“转基因玉米让老鼠死绝”之类的谣言吓唬人。但这属于低层次的争论。怀疑者主要是缺乏生物学知识的外行和另有用意的组织,并没有太高的技术含量。转基因食品在被批准上市前都已经过了严格的安全性检测,其安全性获得了联合国粮农组织、世界卫生组织、国际科学理事会等国际权威机构的肯定,在学术界并无疑议。美国人普遍食用转基因食品已有十几年的历史,迄今未发现一例不良反应。
②转基因技术对环境的影响则是属于层次高一些的问题,在学术界内也会引起争议。但是对此的担心也是有意无意地被夸大了。经常被提及的是担心种植了转基因作物后,其花粉与周围的其他植物、特别是该作物的野生种进行杂交,造成“基因污染”。例如担心转基因水稻的基因会“污染”了野生水稻,所以在有野生水稻的地区就不计划种转基因水稻。这其实并非转基因作物特有的问题。种植传统的作物同样有可能造成“基因污染”。例如杂交水稻的基因也可能会“污染”了野生水稻,但是人们并没有因此就不在有野生水稻的地区种杂交水稻。和传统作物相比,转基因水稻不过是在原有的几万个基因中增添了一个额外的基因而已,并没有造成实质性的差别,为什么对这么一个基因就那么担心呢?
③一方面,转基因作物对环境的可能影响被人为夸大,另一方面,转基因作物对环境保护的实际益处又经常被忽略。当前种植得最多的转基因作物主要是两类:抗虫害转基因作物和抗除草剂转基因作物。农民选择种植这两类转基因作物的原因是因为它们降低了生产成本,潜在的好处是有助于环境保护。抗虫害转基因作物由于天生就能抵抗主要害虫的侵袭,种植它们大幅度地减少了农药的使用,减轻了农药对环境的污染和对生态的破坏,又减少了用于生产、运输、喷洒农药所耗费的原料、能源和排出的废料。抗除草剂转基因作物能够抵抗草甘膦,这样农民就可使用这种广谱、低毒的除草剂来除杂草,而不必像种植传统作物那样使用更有针对性、但是毒性也更大的除草剂。有人也许会问,如果什么除草剂都不用,那不是更环保吗?但是不用除草剂,就要靠耕作除草,那样不仅费时费力,还耗费燃料,引起水土流失,反而破坏环境。
④已研发成功、还未开始商业化种植的转基因作物品种中,有的对环境保护也大有好处。例如中国自己研发的植酸酶转基因玉米。这种玉米主要是要作为牲畜的饲料使用。玉米中含有大量的磷,但是这些磷存在于植酸中,大部分没法被牲畜吸收、利用。因此牲畜以玉米为饲料,容易患缺磷症,为此往往要在饲料中添加无机磷(通常用磷酸氢钙),不仅增加了成本,而且玉米中的植酸多数不被消化,随粪便排出,冲入河流、海洋,对环境造成磷污染,其后果是使水体富营养化。植酸酶转基因玉米含有大量的植酸酶,能把植酸分解掉,这样牲畜就可以吸收、利用玉米中的磷,既降低了饲料成本,又减少了磷污染。又如,美国将在2012年开始大规模种植抗旱转基因玉米,减少灌溉,对保护水资源也很有好处。
⑤转基因作物对环境保护的益处是实实在在的,而它们对环境可能造成的负面影响从未发生过,即使发生了也不可怕。某些“环保组织”却把转基因作物当成恶魔,竭力阻挠其研发和推广,这不是很讽刺吗?所以对这样的“环保组织”,完全可以称之为伪环保。
(选自2010年12月3日《新华每日电讯》)
【小题1】本文说明的中心是什么?(3分)
【小题2】第②段主要运用了哪种说明方法?其作用是什么?(3分)
【小题3】第①段中划线的成语“迄今”一词能否删掉?为什么?(3分)
【小题4】转基因作物的环保价值主要体现在哪些方面?(4分) 查看习题详情和答案>>
(1)Next week,there aren’t going to be any classes in Daming’s class.They are going to work on a farm.They are going to help the farmers(2)_______ (pick)apples.(3)Tony is very happy because he thinks picking apples is much better than having classes.After work they are going to swim in a small river near there.Some of them are going to fly kites on a hill.Then (4)they are going to have a picnic there.(5)They will enjoy themselves.
They are going to leave at(6)6:30 next Monday and meet on the road outside the school gate.The farm is far from the school.How are they going there?(7)They are going to the farm by bus.
1.写出(1)处划线句子的同意句:
2.用(2)处动词的适当形式填空:
3.将(3)处划线句子翻译成汉语:
4.将(4)处划线句子变为否定句:
5.写出(5)处句子的同意句:
6.用英语表示(6)处的时间:
7.将(7)处划线句子变为一般疑问句:
查看习题详情和答案>>用be动词的适当形式填空。(5分)
1.________ they new or old?
2.________ this pair of pants white?
3.The paper ________ white.
4.Jenny and I ________ good friends.
5.I ________ your classmate.
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阅读下面短文,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 (必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。
Many of us Chinese are Yao Ming’s fans. Of course we all know he 1 ( retire ) for several months . Yao made farewell(告别) conference Wednesday. He said he 2 (force )to make this decision by a series of foot and leg injuries. Yao played eight seasons in the NBA.
“Today is an important day for me and 3 (hold) a special meaning for both my basketball career and my future,”Yao said. “ I 4 (think) about my future for a long time. Today I am announcing a personal decision, 5 (end ) my career as a basketball player and officially retire. But one door is closing and another one 6 (open).’’
Yao said he 7 ( return) to work with his former Chinese team, the Shanghai Sharks, with the possibility of 8 (become) general manager. He already 9 (own) the club and wants to contribute more. He thanked a lot of people — his family, former coaches, even players like Shaquille O’Neal — “for making me a better player.’’
Rockets(火箭队) general manager Daryl Morey was among those attending the farewell conference Wednesday. “I would be sorry if I wasn’t here.” “It’s a big moment,’’ Morey added. “Yao had a sense of humor, a great attitude and sense of responsibility. I hope we 10 (continue) his culture in the NBA.’’
根据句意,用所给动词的适当形式填空:
1.The fashion show_______(hold) last Friday. It was very successful.
2.It is impossible for her ________(finish)________ (read) the book within an hour.
3.You can help by_______ (donate) money to ORBIS.
4.Are you used to ________(get) up at 6 a.m.?
5.The patients should _______(treat) with kindness.
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