摘要: work out 算出 结局 The situation worked out quite well. 情况的结局非常好 Have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗?

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According to an official report on youth violence(暴力), “The greatest danger to the lives of children is not disease or food shortage, but violence”. Why aren’t students taught to manage conflict(冲突)the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?

First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school students shows that most violence between students begin with small things. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can then lead to a fight. The problem isn’t in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.

Once students realize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of staying calm(平静的). Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words only make things worse. On the other hand, soft words can put out the fire before it is out of control.

After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key way to help: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without getting in a word. Afterwards, the listener can ask some questions to make the speaker’s position clear. Then the two people should change roles.

Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn’t mean trying to work out what’s wrong with the other person. It means understanding what both sides are trying to deal with. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the problem becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.

There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn’t mean there needs to be violence. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution(解决)is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.

56. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The lives of school children.     

B. The causes of fights in schools.

C. How to explain youth violence. 

D. How to deal with school conflicts.

57. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A. A small conflict can lead to violence.

B. Students seem to lose their temper easily.

C. Violence is more likely to happen at lunchtime.

D. The eating habit of a student often causes a fight.

58. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions in Paragraph 5?

A. To make clear what the real problem is.

B. To find out who should take responsibility.

C. To show more considerations for both sides.

D. To work out how to stop the shouting match.

59. What’s the writer’s purpose for writing this passage?

A. To tell the latest studies on school violence.

B. To teach students different skills for school life.

C. To describe some problems in school education.

D. To suggest teaching conflict management in schools.

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     The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics. At this time, many colorful stamps will come
out to mark(标志) the great Games. The first stamps marking the opening appeared on January 25, 1932
in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on, stamps for the White Olympics became a
rule.
     During the 4th Winter Olympic Games, a group of stamps were off press in Germany in November
1936. It was the first time that the five rings appeared of the stamps of the White Olympics.
     In the 1950's, stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host
countries as well as the non-host countries worked out stamps to mark those games. China also made
four stamps in February 1980, when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics.
     Japan is the only Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics. Altogether, 14,500 million
stamps were sold to raise(筹集) money for this sports meet.
     Different kinds of sports were pictured on these small stamps. People can enjoy the beauty of the
wonderful movements of some sportsmen.
1. The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics _____.
A. are the same thing
B. are different games
C. are not held in winter
D. are held in summer
2.It was made a rule to work out stamps to mark the great world Games _____.
A. after the year 1936
B. after the 3rd White Olympics
C. before the 3rd White Olympics
D. before the year 1932
3.The Winter Olympics is held once _____.
A. every two years
B. every three years
C. every four years
D. every five years
4.Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Only the host countries can make stamps to mark the Games.
B. Only the non-host countries can make stamps to mark the Games.
C. All countries can make stamps to mark the Games.
D. Japan can't make stamps to mark the Games.
5. What may appear on the stamps of the White Olympics?
A. Basketball.
B. Table tennis.
C. Football.
D. Skating.
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