摘要: Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others. 人类学是一门科学.因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果.而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的. 18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris. 真菌在腐化过程中十分重要.而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤.提高其肥力.并分解动物粪便. 19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time. 音叉被敲击时.产生几乎纯质的音调.其音量经久不衰. 20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois. 虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们. 21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating. 用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊. 22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil. 一个国家的主要食物是什么.大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好. 23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur. 在大量的实验中.某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率. 24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid. 大多数物质遇冷收缩.所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态. 25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood. 大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白. 26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art. 到了二十一世纪中叶.美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响. 27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center. 伊丽莎白市.一个重要的航运和制造业中心.坐落于新泽西州的东部. 28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff. Elizabeth Blackwell.美国第一个女医生.创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所. 29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人.他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师.而非电话的发明者. 30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance. 采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰.因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起. 31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact. 骨头看起来是脆硬的.但它也有一定的弹性.使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击. 32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists. 科学家曾相信:氙气是不能形成化合物的.

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 “It hurts me more than you,” and “This is for your own good.” These are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin, clean my room, stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive(自由的) period in education in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school. The schools and the educators made it easy on us. They taught that it was all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators, turned on the television, left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation.
  Now teachers, faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years, are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake. One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students—“so passive”—and wonders what happened. Nothing was demanded of them, she believes. Television, says Klompus, contributes to children’s passivity. “We’re not training kids to work any more.” says Klompus. “We’re talking about a generation of kids who’ve never been hurt or hungry. They have learned somebody will always do it for them, Instead of saying ‘go and look it up’, you tell them the answer. It takes greater energy to say no to a kid.”
  Yes, it does. It takes energy and it takes work. It’s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work. It’s time to take the car away, to turn TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it’s for their own good. It’s time to start telling them no again.
67.To such children as described in the passage __________.
A. neither is easy to say yes or say no
B. it is easier to say no than to say yes
C. it is easier to say yes than no
D. neither is difficult to say yes or say no
68.We learn from the passage that the author’s mother used to lay emphasis on(强调;重视) ________.
A. natural development   B. education at school  C. learning Latin   D. discipline
69.By “permissive period in education” the author means a time ________.
A. when everything can be taught at school
B. when children are permitted to receive education
C. when children are allowed to do what they wish to
D. when every child can be educated
70.The main idea of the passage is that _______.
A. It’s time to be more strict with our kids
B. parents should always set a good example to their kids
C. parents should leave their children alone
D. kids should have more activities at school

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We often hear the phrase: "You've a greater chance of being struck by lightning." It is used to describe something that hasn't got much chance of happening. However, the common saying undermines(掩盖) the very real dangers of lightning.

Last Friday, at least 5 people were killed by lightning in Nepal(尼泊尔).

Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths during natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, 73 people die. There are more people killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes.

Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters.

So to raise awareness, the US has made June 22-28 National Lightning Safety Week. It aims to warn the public of the dangers of lightning and provide safety tips during thunderstorms.

"If you hear thunder, you are in danger of lightning," said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross.

"Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any minute, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until after the storm has ended. The single most important thing to remember is to seek a hiding place," Lopes said.

Summer is the high time for lightning storms, so when lightning strikes across the sky, remember these safety tips:

Stop working, fishing, swimming or playing in open fields.

If you can count less than ten seconds between a thunder and a lightning flash, take cover inside the nearest building.

Do not stand under a tree.

Get off bicycles or motorcycles.

Crouch down(蹲下)if there is no hiding place.

Avoid open spaces, wire fences, metal objects and electrical objects such as hair driers.

 

1.  The popular opinion about being struck by lightening is that ______.

A. there’s a greater chance for being killed by lightening than any other natural disaster

B. it is the most dangerous among all the natural disasters

  C. the chance for a person to be struck by lightening is very small

  D. it is impossible for people to be killed by lightening

2.The average death rate of being struck by lightening in US is about _______.

  A.18%     B.50%       C. 30%      D. 73%

3.thunder in             the open air______.

A. just stand by your bicycles and motorcycles

  B. quickly find a place to go inside

  C. count ten seconds between a thunder and a lightening

  D. don’t have a hair drier in your hand

4.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. There are more people killed by tornadoes and hurricanes than by lightening in US each year.

B. There are on average 5 persons killed by lightening in Nepal each day.

C. The death rate of being stuck by lightening is much higher than by other natural disasters.

D. The National Lightening Safety Week is made to warn the public against the lightening.

 

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We often hear the phrase: "You've a greater chance of being struck by lightning." It is used to describe something that hasn't got much chance of happening. However, the common saying undermines(掩盖) the very real dangers of lightning.

Last Friday, at least 5 people were killed by lightning in Nepal(尼泊尔).

Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths during natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, 73 people die. There are more people killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes.

Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters.

So to raise awareness, the US has made June 22-28 National Lightning Safety Week. It aims to warn the public of the dangers of lightning and provide safety tips during thunderstorms.

"If you hear thunder, you are in danger of lightning," said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross.

"Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any minute, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until after the storm has ended. The single most important thing to remember is to seek a hiding place," Lopes said.

Summer is the high time for lightning storms, so when lightning strikes across the sky, remember these safety tips:

Stop working, fishing, swimming or playing in open fields.

If you can count less than ten seconds between a thunder and a lightning flash, take cover inside the nearest building.

Do not stand under a tree.

Get off bicycles or motorcycles.

Crouch down(蹲下)if there is no hiding place.

Avoid open spaces, wire fences, metal objects and electrical objects such as hair driers.

   The popular opinion about being struck by lightening is that ______.

A. there’s a greater chance for being killed by lightening than any other natural disaster

B. it is the most dangerous among all the natural disasters

  C. the chance for a person to be struck by lightening is very small

  D. it is impossible for people to be killed by lightening

The average death rate of being struck by lightening in US is about _______.

  A.18%     B.50%         C. 30%      D. 73%

thunder in             the open air______.

A. just stand by your bicycles and motorcycles

  B. quickly find a place to go inside

  C. count ten seconds between a thunder and a lightening

  D. don’t have a hair drier in your hand

According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. There are more people killed by tornadoes and hurricanes than by lightening in US each year.

B. There are on average 5 persons killed by lightening in Nepal each day.

C. The death rate of being stuck by lightening is much higher than by other natural disasters.

D. The National Lightening Safety Week is made to warn the public against the lightening.

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阅读理解

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中,选出最佳选项.

  Mrs Brown was tired after her day's shopping in London, so she went to a restaurant for a cup of tea before catching the train home. When she had ordered the tea, she suddenly remembered that she had to buy some medicine for her husband, who had a cough.

  “Is there a chemist's near here?”she asked the waiter.

  “Yes. Madam,”the waiter said.“It's only about three minutes' walk away. Turn right when you go out of the restaurant, then take the second turning to the left. You'll find a big chemist's about a hundred yards up the road on the right-hand side. It closes at five, but if you hurry, you'll just get there in time.”

  Mrs Brown followed the waiter's directions carefully and found the chemist's without any difficulty. She bought the cough mixture and started to make her way back to the restaurant. But after she walked about ten minutes and there was still no sign of the restaurant, she realized that she must have made a mistake.

Mrs Brown was anxious because she had left all her shopping in the restaurant. She was wondering what to do when a policeman came up and asked if he could help. Mrs Brown explained what had happened. The policeman suggested going back as far as the chemist's. When they got there, the policeman said, “Let's go in this direction. It leads to the main road, where we probably find your restaurant.”

When they reached the main road. The policeman said, “I think you'll find the restaurant you are looking for along there, on the opposite of the road.”

1.It must have been ________ when she ordered her tea.

[  ]

A.five o'clock
B.ten to five
C.ten past five
D.six o'clock

2.Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?

[  ]

A.It was easy for Mrs Brown to find the chemist's.

B.The waiter was helpful to her.

C.She almost forgot to buy some medicine for her husband.

D.When she got lost, she went to a policeman and asked for help.

3.Which of the following is the right way from the chemist's to the restaurant?

[  ]

A.Turn right, then take the second turning to the left and then walk straight forward 100 yards.

B.Turn left when you go out of the chemist's. Go straight forward about 100 yards and then turn right. Walk a few minutes and the restaurant is on your left.

C.Turn left when you go out of the chemist's and then take the second turning to the right. Go a hundred yards and the restaurant is on the opposite.

D.Turn right out of the chemist's. Take the second turning to the left and then right.

4.Which of the following is the most likely dialogue between Mrs Brown and policeman?

[  ]

A.“Thank you very much, but I wonder how I went wrong?”“Oh, it's easy to get lost in a big city like London!”

B.“Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the chemist's?”, “OK, let me show you the way.”

C.“How much should I pay?”“It's nothing.”

D.“It's kind of you”“You are welcome.”

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阅读理解

  Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.

  The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolved round criminal law.He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.

  Little of his time is spent in chatting.He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.

  Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal:as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over.In real life, finding criminal is seldom much of a problem.Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks, little effort is spent on searching.

  Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work.He has to prove his case in court, and to do that, he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.

  A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures:first, as members of a police force, they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law.Secondly, as expensive public servants, they have to get results.They can hardly ever do both.Most of the time, some of them have to break the rules in small ways.

  If the detective has to deceive(欺骗)the world, the world often deceives him.Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth.And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-minded-as he see it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.The result, detective feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stayed behind bars.This makes them rather cynical.

(1)

A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because _________.

[  ]

A.

he must work hard to help reform criminals

B.

he must behave as professional lawyers do

C.

he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed

D.

he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals

(2)

What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according to the passage?

[  ]

A.

Dangerous.

B.

Demanding.

C.

Distressing.

D.

Dramatic.

(3)

According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time and efforts _________.

[  ]

A.

patrolling(巡逻)the street, rain or shine

B.

tracking and arresting criminals

C.

collecting and providing evidence

D.

consulting the rules of law

(4)

Why do policeman feel separated from the real of the world?

[  ]

A.

Because they do not receive due support from society.

B.

Because they find people insincere to them.

C.

Because they feel superior to the simple-minded people around them.

D.

Because they are suspicious of the people around them.

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