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阅读下面短文，从A、B、C对四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In history，a real cowboy was a simple farm worker on horseback．He spent a long time a day outdoors working with cows ．The work was dirty，tiring and not very well paid．
People in the western。states had to 1 cattle at low cost and send them by railway to the eastern 2 ．But someone had to 3 the cattle and get them to the nearest railroad．This was the job of a cowboy．Sometimes the 4 was more than a thousand Kilometers away and it could take as 5 as six months to move the cattle．The 6 was long but the cattle were driven 7 as not to lose 8 ．Then they could be sold at a good price．
Most cowboys were young， 9 men．A good horse 10 their job of moving cattle much easier．A good cowboy 11 cows and knew how to control them．At night，he 12 to the cows to keep them calm．
In the late 1800s，America was changing from a nation of farm to one of 13 and cities．The cowboy seemed 14 compared with other Americans doing ordinary jobs．
Today，the 15 of cowboys has 16 greatly．One change is the use of trucks．
The job is not so hard 17 it used to be．And cowboys are better 18 now．They are 19 to be married．Some of them are farmers teachers or truck drivers．Some work for big companies． 20 at night and on weekends，they become cowboys．These part-time cowboys increase the total production of meat，keeping the beef price low．
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Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.
To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a mainly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to reducing biodiversity.
All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require thorough thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are certainly more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static(稳定的)measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.
What is important is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.
1.How do people often measure progress in agriculture?
A. By its impact on the environment B. By its contribution to economic growth
C. By its productivity D. By its sustainability
2.Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in .
A. Localized pollution B. The shrinking of farmland
C. the decrease of biodiversity D. competition from overseas3. What does the author think of traditional farming practices?
A. They are not necessarily sustainable B. They have not kept pace with population growth
C. They have remained the same over the centuries D. They are environmentally friendly
4.What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?
A. It will abandon traditional farming practices B. It will mainly keep traditional farming
C. It will go through complete changes D. It will cause zero damage to the environment
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To remind people of the need of sustainable development.
B. To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.
C. To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.
D. To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.
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完形填空：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（共20小题，每小题1.5分）
In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be 46 . Today things are 47 , the world has become too 48 . We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are 49 our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on the earth 50 survive.
Everyone 51 today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Yet, with modern fishing 52 , more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down, 53 will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet, we 54 to use bigger and more powerful machines to 55 more and more trees.
We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. 56 , in most countries wastes are 57 put into rivers or into the sea, and there are 58 laws to stop this. We know, too, that if the 59 of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years there will not be enough 60 . What can we do to solve these problems ?
If we eat more vegetables and less 61 , there will be more food available for everyone. Land that is used to grow crops 62 five times more people than land where animals are kept. Our natural resources will 63 longer if we learn to recycle them. The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth 64 .
Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems, we shall have a better and clearer 65 in the future.
1.A. beautiful B. unlimited C. rare D. valuable
2.A. common B. the same C. changeable D. different
3.A. crowded B. small C. dirty D. busy
4.A. protecting B. saving C. polluting D. fighting
5.A. may not B. will not C. shall not D. could not
6.A. wonders B. realizes C. consider D. discovers
7.A. poles B. boats C. methods D. ideas
8.A mountains B. the sea C. trees D. forests
9.A. continue B. have C. ought D. go on
10.A. grow B. plant C. save D. cut down
11.A. Thus B. However
C. Generally speaking D. Therefore
12.A. still B. even C. also D. certainly
13.A. too many B. a few C. some D. few
14.A. production B. pollution C. population D. revolution
15.A. houses B. vegetables C. food D. lives
16.A. fruit B. meat C. fish D. grain
17.A. feeds B. increases C. supplies D. helps
18.A. use B. stay C. keep D. last
19.A. control B. born C. plan D. reward
20.A. nature B. sea C. planet D. forest
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Kate said“Hello” to Mr.Pater as she entered. She picked up a wire basket and walked towards the back of the store 1 the rice was kept.The room was quite large and divided by three long aisles(过道),with rows of shelves full of 2 .Besides her and Mr.Pater there were only two boys in the store.They were both wearing 3 overcoats.They looked rather 4 ?because the overcoats were too big for them. 5 she heard one of them whisper to 6 .She walked on to the next aisle and found the 7 she was looking for.Then she heard something else.It 8 like a box dropping on the floor.She looked through the small open space 9 goods on the shelf and saw one of the boys picking up a box.But 10 putting it in the basket,he dropped 11 into the inside pocket of his overcoat.Kate looked back and 12 see Mr.Pater at the door checking through a list.Then she looked through the 13 in the shelf again,the boys still had their backs to her.They were putting something ? 14 ? into their inside pockets and then one of them said,“Let?s get out of here.” They moved away from her.
When she got to the door the two boys were 15 her.She watched them 16 for the few things in their 17 .They had both ? 18 ? their overcoats.Mr.Pater did not seem to know what they had done.He even 19 at them as they were about to 20 .Now, Kate decided to stop them.
A. which B. that C. there D. where
A. books B. baskets C. goods D. magazines
A. dirty B. long C. grey D. tight
A. strange B. young C. nervous D. excited
A. Look up B. Listen to me C. Watch out D. Put it down
A. him B. her C. the boy D. the other
A. book B. rice C. bag D. magazine
A. looked B. heard C. showed D. sounded
A. between B. of C. around D. at
A. instead of B. before C. without D. as if
A. something B. it C. one D. that
A. would B. should C. might D. could
A. spot B. space C. goods D. books
A. important B. new C. else D. extra
A. looking at B. talking to C. in front of D. behind
A. paying B. looking C. asking D. reaching
A. hands B. pockets C. box D. basket
A. thrown out B. put on C. buttoned D. hidden
A. shouted B. smiled C. looked D. laughed
A. leave B. pay C. speak D. apologize
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