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Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it?
While such vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.
In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.
It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy(预期寿命).
A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.
It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care.”
That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.
1.Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?
A. It is believed to contribute to long life.
B. It is part of their health care package.
C. The elderly are more sensitive about their health.
D. The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.
2.How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?
A. It adds too much to their medical bills.
B. It helps increase their life expectancy.
C. They are doubtful about necessity.
D. They think it does more than good.
3.What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?
A. It applies to women over 50.
B. It is a must for adult women.
C. It is optional for young women.
D. It doesn’t apply to women over 74.
4.Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?
A. They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.
B. They want to take advantage of the medical care system.
C. They want data for medical research.
D. They want their patients to suffer less.
5.What does the author say is the general view about health care?
A. The more, the better.
B. Prevention is better than cure.
C. Better early than late.
D. Better care, longer life.
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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
A certain student passed all his school examinations and then went to a college to continue his studies. There he put his name 1 for a course in geography, but after the first lecture, he did not go to it 2 .The geography lecturer noticed that this student was always absent and thought that he had 3 to another course, so he was very 4 when he was the boy's name on the 5 of students who wanted to 6 the geography examination at the end of the year.
The lecturer had prepared a difficult examination paper, 7 followed his lecture very closely, and he was 8 to see 9 the boy's answers 10 the questions would be. He 11 that they would he very bad, but when he examined the paper 12 , he was able to find only one small mistake 13 it. As this surprised him very much, he went 14 the paper once again, but was 15 not able to find more 16 that one small mistake, so he 17 for the student to question him about his work.
When the student had come into the room and had sat down, the lecturer said to him, “I know that you came only to my first lecture and that you have been absent 18 all the others; but now I have examined your answer paper throughly and I have been able to find only one small mistake, I am 19 to know your explanation for that.”
“Oh, I am very sorry about that mistake, sir ”answered the student.“After the examination, I realized what I ought to have written. I 20 that mistake if I had not been confused(混淆)by your first lecture.”
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After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.
There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.
Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (Although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.
If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion the counting sheep will put you to sleep!
1.A good title for this passage is ____.
A. Sleep B. Dreams C. Good Health D. Work and Rest
2.The word drowsy in the last paragraph means ____.
A. sick B. asleep C. stand up D. a little sleepy
3.This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____.
A. dream more often B. have poor health C. nervous D. breathe quickly
4.During REM, ____.
A. your eyes move quickly B. you dream C. you are restless D. both A and B
5.The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ______ .
A. approximately six hours B. around ten hours
C. about eight hours D. not described here
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