35．A．except B．against C．beyond D．from——青夏教育精英家教网—

摘要：35．A．except B．against C．beyond D．from

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　　How has smoking been controlled in recent years?

　　People were asked to stop smoking in a range of public places－such as doctors’ surgeries, cinemas, theatres and churches－over the second half of the 20th century but it was after the King’s Cross Underground fire on November 18, 1987, caused by a cigarette end which resulted in 31 deaths, that restrictions on smoking in public places gained rapid and widespread acceptance．

　　How did a ban on smoking in public places come into place?

　　In 1998 the Smoking Kills White Paper set out a national strategy to reduce smoking prevalence(流行)and passive smoking, including in public places．The measures were voluntary and poorly carried out．After a public conference in England in 2004, the Government decided to choose for lawmaking．Scotland went first, with a ban in 2006, followed by the other nations a year later．

　　What is the current law?

　　Any person who smokes in enclosed public places, including pubs, offices, on public transport and work vehicles, is breaking the law．It does not extend to private houses．It is also an offence for people in charge of premises(营业场所)to permit others to smoke in them．

　　How was it received?

　　It was welcomed by most organizations－except for some pub owners and restaurateurs．Many workplaces in the UK had already introduced smoke-free policies consistent with the legislation(法律，法规)before it was carried out, while others have gone beyond its basic requirements．

　　All railway facilities, including platforms, footbridges and other areas－whether or not fitting the definition of an enclosed public space－are covered, as are all football grounds and some cricket and athletics stadiums．School grounds are not required to be smoke-free under the legislation, but the majority now are．

　　How has it been forced?

　　Compliance(服从)in public premises has been high, with inspections suggesting that 99 per cent of places were sticking to the rules．The number of people charged for smoking in cars has been very low, which was due to the problems defining and identifying“work”vehicles．They said that a total ban on smoking in vehicles would end this confusion．

　　Has it improved health?

　　Studies in early adopters of the law, including in Scotland, suggest a reduction in hospital admissions for heart disease, which has been shown to be linked to passive smoking．There is also strong evidence of improved rates of smoking end and a drop in the number of cigarettes consumed by those who continue to smoke．

(1)

When did the first law come out to ban smoking in public places?
[　　]
A．	1987．
B．	1998．
C．	2004．
D．	2006．

(2)

Which of the following behaviors may NOT be against the law?
[　　]
A．	Jack often smokes in the office when he is alone．
B．	A taxi driver is smoking with a lady in his car．
C．	Tom smokes while thinking of his future at home．
D．	Max smokes for relaxation during time-out in the stadium．

(3)

Who might feel unhappy about the law according to the article?
[　　]
A．	A restaurant owner．
B．	A company manager．
C．	A car owner．
D．	A policy maker．

(4)

What can you infer from the article?
[　　]
A．	Most heart diseases have been proved to be linked to passive smoking．
B．	A new law will soon come out with a total ban on smoking in vehicles．
C．	The 1987 fire has convinced more people that smoking is bad for health．
D．	Most of the school grounds are not smoke-free, as it is not banned in the law．

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　　Many people insure themselves against death．The beneficiary (受益人) may be a wife or a child．For a few dollars a traveler flying from Australia to New York can insure himself for many thousands of dollars．If he should then find himself crashing into the side of a mountain, he will at least be happy at the thought that his family will not be left penniless．It is only fair to add that the safety record of most airlines makes this insurance rather unnecessary．Insurance against death is a legal gamble．The insurance company has complicated tables of statistics which show the average length of life of people in different occupations．

　　They may calculate, for example, that the average life span of a clerk is sixty years．At 38, Mr．Lee has a “life expectancy” of twenty-two years．He may want to insure himself so that when he dies his heir (继承人) will receive $ 1,000．He will have to pay a larger sum each year than, say, Mr．Cole Whose “life expectancy” at the age of 26 is thirty-four years．

　　The gamble arises because the company hoes that each clerk will continue to pay premiums(保险费)until he is at least sixty years old．If Mr．Lee dies after he has paid premiums for two or three years only, the insurance company will lose heavily．But if he lives to the age of sixty or beyond, the insurance company will make a profit．

　　The average length of life sometimes varies from one occupation to another and from one part of the world to another．In some jobs the death from accident or disease is higher than in others．

(1)

Why does the insurance company keep statistics showing the average length of life of different people?
[　　]
A．	Because it needs to know how the length of life has changed over the years．
B．	Because it needs the statistics to decide the sum of premium a certain person has to pay．
C．	Because it wants to know whether it will make or lose money．
D．	Because it doesn’t sell insurance to people who has a shorter life expectancy．

(2)

Mr．Lee has to pay a larger sum each year than Mr．Cole because ________．
[　　]
A．	Mr．Lee buys a more expensive insurance
B．	Mr．Lee is more likely to die young in his occupation
C．	Mr．Cole is likely to pay the insurance company for more years than him
D．	he is not as healthy as Mr．Cole

(3)

According to the passage, the insurance company make large profits ________．
[　　]
A．	if most insurance buyers live longer than the average length of life
B．	if more and more people buy insurance against death
C．	if nobody above sixty buys insurance against death
D．	if the premium is raised so the company can get more money each year

(4)

According to the passage, the insurance companies will analyze all the factors except ________．
[　　]
A．	different occupations
B．	different places
C．	people’s ages
D．	people’s characters

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There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable ,At an earlier period our desire for material wealth may have been justified .Now , however ,this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems .Even though we have good intentions ,we may be producing too much ,too fast .

Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down .They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth ,These include the fixed supply of natural resources ,the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment ,and the continuing increase in the world’s population ,As society reaches these limits ,economic growth can no longer continue ,and the quality of life will decrease .

People who want more economic growth ,on the other hand ,argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world ,These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world ,Furthermore ,they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization .

This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of vital importance to business and industry ,If those who argue against economic growth are correct ,the problem they mention cannot be ignored ,To find a solution ,economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another .

1．According to those who argue against economic growth we must slow down for the following reasons EXCEPT that ____________

A．our natural surroundings are in danger of being destroyed by industry

B．the fixed supply of natural resources marks a point beyond which economic growth cannot continue

C．the world population is ever increasing

D．more efforts should be made to improve the quality of our material life

2．Those who want more economic growth believe that continued economic growth _________

A．is essential to the well-being of society as a whole

B．can provide the solution to many of our social problems today

C．can protect our environment from being polluted by industry

D．can provide us with more natural resources for industrialization

3．The underlined word ”proponents ”In Paragraph 3 most probably means _________

A．arguments in support of something

B．disagreements

C．people who argue for something

D．people who argue against something

4．The passage is mainly about ___________

A．the contradiction between economists and the business community

B．the present debate on economic growth

C．the advantages and disadvantages of economic growth

D．the importance of the debate on economic growth

5．We may infer from the passage that ___________

A．the author describes the case as it is

B．the author is for the economic growth

C．the author is against continued economic growth

D．the author is very much worried about the problems caused by continued economic growth

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　　There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable. At an early period, our desire for material wealth may have been justified. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good intentions, we may be producing too much, too fast.

　　Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the world's population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease.

　　People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital（资金）needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.

　　This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of vital importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored. To find a solution, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.

(1) According to those who argue against economic growth we must slow down for the following reasons except that ________

[　　]

A．our natural surroundings are in danger of being destroyed by industry.

B．the fixed supply of natural resources marks a point beyond which economic growth cannot continue.

C．the world population is ever increasing.

D．more efforts should be made to improve the quality of our material life.

(2) It can be inferred that the underlined word“proponents” (paragraph 3) most probably means ____.

[　　]

A．arguments in support of something

B．disagreements

C．people who argue against something

D．people who argue for something

(3) The passage is mainly about _______.

[　　]

A. the contradiction（矛盾）between economists and the business community

B．the present debate on economic growth

C．the importance of the debate on economic growth

D．the advantages and disadvantages of economic growth

(4) We may infer from the passage that ______.

[　　]

A．the author describes the case as it is

B．the author is for economic growth

C．the author is against continued economic growth

D．the author is very much worried about the problems caused by continued economic growth

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　　There is much discussion today about whether economic (经济的) growth is desirable．At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have proved proper．Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems．Even though we have good intentions, we may be producing too much, too fast．

　　Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down．They believe that society is coming near to certain limits on growth．These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible bad effects of industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the world's population．As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease．

　　People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world．These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world．Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial (财政的) resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization．

　　This discussion over the desirability of continued economic growth is very important to business and industry．If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored (忽视)．To find an answer, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another．

1．According to those who argue against economic growth we must slow down for the following reasons EXCEPT that________．

[　　]

A．our natural surroundings are in danger of being destroyed by industry

B．the fixed supply of natural resources marks a point beyond which economic growth cannot continue

C．the world population is ever increasing

D．more efforts should be made to improve the quality of our material life

2．The passage is mainly about________．

[　　]

A．the importance of the discussion on economic growth

B．the advantages and disadvantages of economic growth

C．the discussion over the desirability of continued economic growth

D．the relationship between economic growth and environment

3．The underlined word proponents most probably means ________．

[　　]

A．arguments in support of something

B．disagreements

C．people who argue for something

D．people who argue against something

4．We may infer from the passage that ________．

[　　]

A．the author is objective in describing the discussion over economic growth

B．the author is for economic growth

C．the author is against continued economic growth

D．the author is worried about the problems caused by continued economic growth

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