摘要: The text is most probably a . A. science news report B. book review C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story PART FOUR WRITING (45%) SECTION A (10%) Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood, together with industrial pollution, are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth. The evidence for global warming can now be seen in the world’s changing climate statistics. In Europe, eight of the last ten years have seen record high temperature. For northern Europe, this has generally been a change for the better. Gardens can now even grow tropical plants in England, though London may never see a “White Christmas again. On the other hand, the countries around the Mediterranean Sea, and those south of the Sahara desert are receiving even less rain than before. In sub-Saharan Africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation. In the Americans, the climate is becoming more extreme-the summers are getting hotter and the storms are becoming more violent. In 1999 the southern United States was struck by a series of destructive hurricanes, while the end of 1999 saw the worst floods ever in Venezuela. Meteorologists expect such trends to continue, and indeed to worsen, if global warming cannot be stopped. In addition to worrying about rising global temperatures and more extreme weather conditions, scientists are closely monitoring sea levels around the world. These are slowly rising, as the northern and southern polar ice-caps start to melt. This will have serious consequences for low-lying countries near the sea, such as the coral islands in the Pacific, and Bangladesh where the River Ganges already floods the delta every year. Already parts of these places are disappearing under the rising tides. Title: 71. . evidences 76. The Americas England 80. 79. Rising earth temperature 77. More violent storms 78. Tropical plants growing 74. 73. Gases from burning coal, oil and wood with industrial pollution 72. SECTION B (10%) Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know-or even think to ask-who it was that invented them. Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging groceries around in baskets they had to carry. One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business. On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention. But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try. After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket? one shopper replied. But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony customers. As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come-those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before. Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937-before the coming of the shopping cart.

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His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor (半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure (晶格结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said. “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

61. Which of the following is TRUE of Jae Kwon?

A. He teaches chemistry at MU.         

B. He developed a chemical battery.

C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.

D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

62. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4 ______.

A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied

B. to indicate nuclear batteries can be safely used

C. to describe a nuclear-powered system

D. to introduce various energy sources

63. Liquid semiconductor is used to ______.

A. get rid of the radioactive waste

B. test the power of nuclear batteries

C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries

D. reduce the damage to lattice structure

64. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery ______.

A. uses a solid semiconductor               B. will soon replace the present ones

C. could be extremely thin                  D. has passed the final test

65. The text is most probably a ______.

A. science news report                    B. book review      

C. newspaper ad                        D. science fiction story

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  A man sits on a chair, with rubber pads(垫)tied to his head.Someone is going to fire an electric current through his brain.

  Sounds like a horror movie?Actually, the man is Telegraph journalist.Nick Collins.He is getting ready to test the newly-invented“electric thinking cap”.

  Professor Johansen Berg, a neurologist at Oxford University, has discovered that firing a tiny electrical current to part of the brain can help people learn faster.

  “It'S completely safe.The electric current is one thousand times lower than anvthing that could cause damage,”Kadosh,a researcher at Oxford University, told the Daily凇反Z eadier this year.

  In a test, 15 volunteers were taught to press a set of buttons in three different, orders.Just like playing the piano.Electricity was fired into the area of their brains that eontrols movement.It ran from the front part of the head to a point above the ear.The electricitv was kept on for 10 minutes while the volunteers completed a task.

  When the electric current ran in one diieetion, researchers found that volunteers leamed things 10 times more quickly.But if the current was sent the other way, their brain cells slowed down.

  The cⅡrf每ijIf畜药}:ects the movement area of the brain.This means the method can onlv improve people'S learning skills that have some.thing to d.o with that muscle, such as rowing a boat or playing the piano.But scientists say it could be used in other areas of learning, or even(中风).help people who have suffered a stroke(中风).

  The effects can last for about half an hour after the current is stopped.However, the researchers say that daily treatment could have a good, long-lasting effect.Electric caps could be produced SO that people could receive the treatment in clinics or even at home.

  “I'm sure there are lots of people who would like to raise their normal abilities,”

  Kadosh says.‘‘But should people be allowed to do this?It is all up for debate.''

(1)

According to the text, the“electric thinking cap”can

[  ]

A.

gain the same excitement as a horror movie

B.

change people'S learning abilities

C.

cure many people'S mentM diseases

D.

prevent people from having stroke.s

(2)

In the test, electric current ________

[  ]

A.

slows down the brain activitv

B.

causes damage to the volunteers

C.

runs in one direction only

D.

affects the movement area of the brain

(3)

How did the volunteers operate the electric caps in the test?

[  ]

A.

By playing the piano.

B.

By pressing a set of buttons.

C.

By rowing a boat.

D.

By moving their heads.

(4)

The text is mainly about ________.

[  ]

A.

a new invention, the electric thinking cap

B.

an experiment, a horrible experience for volunteers

C.

the development of electric current treatment

D.

a wholly new treatment for stroke

(5)

The text iS most probably a

[  ]

A.

newspaper ad

B.

book review

C.

science news report

D.

science fiction story

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Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri (MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with energy density (密度),” said Jae kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope (放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”

Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, recently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nano-electromechanical systems (M/NEWS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.

“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said. “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”

His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor (半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure (晶格结构) of the solid semiconductor, ” Kwon said. “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?

A. He teaches chemistry at MU.                 

B. He developed a chemical battery.

C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.     

D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4 ________.

A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied

B. to indicate nuclear batteries can be safely used

C. to describe a nuclear-powered system            

D. to introduce various energy sources.

Liquid semiconductor is used to ________ .

A. get rid of the radioactive waste             

B. test the power of nuclear batteries

C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries      

D. reduce the damage to lattice structure

According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery ________.

A. uses a solid semiconductor                        B. will soon replace the present ones

C. could be extremely thin                                D. has passed the final test

The text is most probably a ________.

A. science news report                                     B. book review

C. newspaper ad                                              D. science fiction story

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Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density”,said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”

Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.

“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”

His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

41. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?

A. He teaches chemistry at MU.                      B. He developed a chemical battery.

C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.    D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

42. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.

A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied.  B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.

C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.         D. to introduce various energy sources.

43. Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.

A. get rid of the radioactive waste                       B. test the power of nuclear batteries.

C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries                   D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.

44. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.

A. uses a solid semiconductor                              B. will soon replace the present ones.

C. could be extremely thin                            D. has passed the final test.

45. The text is most probably a ________.

A. science news report                          B. book review   

C. newspaper ad                             D. science fiction story

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Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”,said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”

Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.

“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”

His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

1. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?

A. He teaches chemistry at MU. 

B. He developed a chemical battery.

C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.

D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

2. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.

A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied.

B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.

C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.

D. to introduce various energy sources.

3. Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.

A. get rid of the radioactive waste  

B. test the power of nuclear batteries.

C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries

D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.

4. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.

A. uses a solid semiconductor       

B. will soon replace the present ones.

C. could be extremely thin          

D. has passed the final test.

5. The text is most probably a ________.

A. science news report        B. book review   

C. newspaper ad               D. science fiction story

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