Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The Human Development Report, published annually since 1990, seeks to __50__ “human development” around the world and calculates a “Human Development Index” (HDI 人类发展指数) for 169 countries. The HDI is __51__ on average income, life expectancy, and level of education. __52__, rich countries tend to have higher HDIs than poor countries, but there are interesting __53__ in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, because some have better health and education systems than others.

Almost every country in the world has a higher HDI than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis the total number of people living in extreme __54__ has increased. The report concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are more __55__, — and that even in countries with severe economic problems, people’s health and education have generally __56__. Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile __57__ human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is __58__, however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.

The greatest threat to HDI in the future, according to the report, is climate change. The way to increase average income in a country is through economic growth, which means increased production and __59__. However, if this __60__ to greater emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably go faster, causing severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will __61__ the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, __62__, might not be sustainable (可持续的).

The only solution, according to the report, is to break the __63__ between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions — which, __64__ to say, is easier said than done.

50.　 A. judge　　　　　　　　　　　 B. investigate　　　　 C. assess　　　　　　　　　　 D. justify

51.　 A. based　　　　　　　　　　　 B. focused　　　　　　 C. keen　　　　　　　　　　　 D. reflected

52.　 A. Unexpectedly　　 　　　 B. Unwillingly C. Unfortunately　　　　　 D. Unsurprisingly

53.　 A. variations　　　　　　　　 B. experiments 　　 C. signs　　　　　　　　　　　 D. mixtures

54.　 A. cruelty　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. poverty　　　　　　 C. emotion　　　　　　　　　 D. terror

55.　 A. talented　　　　　　　　　 B. disadvantaged　 C. determined　　　　　　　 D. educated

56.　 A. infected　　　　　　　　　 B. ignored　　　　　　 C. improved　　　　　　　　 D. impressed

57.　 A. to the extent of　　　　 B. on account of　 C. for the sake of　　　　 D. in terms of

58.　 A. critical 　　　　　　　　　 B. proud　　　　　　　 C. fond　　　　　　　　　　　 D. independent

59.　 A. administration B. consumption C. application D. concentration

60.　 A. objects　　　 　　　　　 B. sticks　　　　　　　 C. leads　　　　　　　　　　　 D. turns

61.　 A. threaten　　　　　　　　　 B. maintain　　　　　 C. concern　　　　　　　　　 D. guarantee

62.　 A. therefore　　　　　　　　 B. however　　　　　 C. otherwise　　　　　　　　 D. nevertheless

63.　 A. gap　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. record　　　　　　　 C. law　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. link

64.　 A. fearless　　　　　　　　　 B. needless　　　　　 C. careless　　 　　　　　 D. hopeless

Want to know more about how World Food Programme helps women all over the world? Here is a quick look at the valuable things it has done.

Investing(投资) In Bulls, Woman Begins To Escape From Poverty

In Shahinoor’s household there were days when she struggled to put even one meal on the family table. She and her husband are among Bangladesh’s poorest: those with no land, no wealth and little hope of breaking out of hunger and poverty. But a new programme to unlock the entrepreneurial(创业的) spirit of Bangladeshi women has transformed her life.

Food Aid Brings Fresh Water To Nepalese Village

Kanukura, 33, says that carrying water up the mountain slopes to her village used to be the hardest part of her day. It’s a job that mainly fell to women in this part of Nepal, who faced a difficult and tiring climb when they needed water. But that’s changed now, thanks to a new village tap, from which women like Kanukura can get clean drinking water whenever they need it.

In Colombia, Food Assistance Is Part Of Response To Violence Against Women

In Colombia, WFP assists many victims of sexual and gender-based violence, providing them with food assistance as they recover. As part of her work for WFP, Mariangela Bizzarri recently visited a town on Colombia’s Pacific coast to meet some of these women and to assess the effect of the violence they have experienced. She sent us this personal account of one day of meetings.

Afghanistan Diary - Day Six

On the final day of Silke’s trip to central Afghanistan, she meets three women, each of whom impresses her with their determination to improve their own lives, and those of their families and their community. One of them is thrilled at simply having a job in a government office. As a child the idea of working outside her home had seemed impossible.

60. Who lives in a place where water used to be difficult to get according to the passage?

　 A. Silke　　 B. Kanukura　　 C. Shahinoor　 D. Mariangela

61. We learn from the passage that women in Colombia ________.

　 A. may give birth to 5 children

　 B. can’t go to school all their life

　 C. have to work in a government office

　 D. are more likely to get harmed than men

62. Women in Bangladesh now become not so poor as they used to be by ________.　

　 A. raising bulls with the help of WFP

　 B. working more hours in the fields

　 C. doing part-time jobs in the evening

　 D. receiving money from the government

63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　 A. There are many victims of sexual violence in Nepal.

　 B. Getting clean drinking water is easier in Bangladesh.

C. The social position of women in Afghanistan has greatly changed.

D. Children in Colombia sometimes have only one meal a day.

He gave me the phone number in order ______ contact him when we are in need of help.

　 A. to 　 B. of me to  C. for me to 　 D. that I

How to Be a Winner

Sir Steven Redgrave  

Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals  

“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes （糖尿病） . Believing my career （职业生涯）was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it----the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn’t finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”  

Karen Pickering  

Swimming World Champion  

“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success―you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. “Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”  

Kirsten Best  

Poet ＆ Writer  

“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological （心理的） tool.”  

 　　60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?

　　A. Difficulties influenced his career.

　　B. Specialists offered him medical advice.

　　C. Training helped him defeat his disease.

　　D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.

　　61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

　　A. Her training schedule.

　　B. Her daily happenings.

　　C. Her achievements.

　　D. Her sports career.

　　62.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？

　　A. Ways that help one to focus.

　　B. Words that help one to feel less tense.

　　C. Activities that turn one's attention away.

　　D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.

　　63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?

　　A. Courage.

　　B. Devotion.

　　C. Hard work.

　　D. Self-confidence.

　A film was at the Circle Five Ranch to film a Marlboro commercial. This is in 1868, before they prohibited cigarette ads from American television. Darrell Winfield was watching the crew set up the equipment. The scene included an actor crossing a river on horseback, but when the time came to shoot, the man was too drunk to ride. Someone from the crews saw Winfield and asked him if he would ride the horse for  50. “Hell, ” said Winfield, “for 50 bucks, I'll jump that damn horse over the moon!”

　　To people in many countries, Winfield is just a familiar but nameless face, a simple cowboy with an advertising message about a connection between the West and a brand of cigarettes. Few people know that he is advertising message about a connection between the West and a brand of cigarettes. Few people know that he is 55, a family man who’s been married to the same woman for 37 years and has 5 children and 7 grandchildren. Most surprisingly, he’s a real, working cowboy who raises horses in his ranch in Wyoming.

　　One of the most striking things about the Marlboro Man is that success hasn’t changed him much. He says that complete strangers sometimes come up to him and say, “I’ve met you. know you from somewhere. ”Whenever it happens, he says that he gets embarrassed.

　　60．Which of the following statements is true?

　　A. Cigarette ads were prohibited in America.

　　B. Cigarette ads are prohibited on television in America.

　　C. Marlboro commercial was prohibited on television.

　　D. Marlboro commercial was produced on television.

　　61．What does the word“prohibited”in the first paragraph mean?

　　A. broadcast　　　　　　　　　　　B. forbidden

　　C. produced　　　　　　　　　　　D. provided

　　62．When they filmed the ad, ________.

　　A. Winfield was too drunk.

　　B. The actor in the ad was too drunk.

　　C. Winfield was setting up the equipmet.

　　D. Winfield was riding a horse.

　　63．From the passage, we know that Winfield was ________.

　　A. an ordinary man

　　B. a superstar

　　C. an actor

　　D. a rich man

　　64．When people recognized Winfield, he felt________.

 　　A. excited　　　　　　　　　　　 B. happy

　　C. interested　　　　　　　　　　 D. uncomfortable

　　65．A train car moves along a long straight track. The graph （曲线） shows the position as a function of time for this train. The graph shows that ________.

　　A. slows down all the time

　　B. speeds up all the time

　　C. speeds up part of the time and slows down part of the time

　　D. moves at a constant speed

　　66．As the diagram shows, there is a fixed superconductor ring, on the right of which lies a bar magnet. There is no electric current. When the magnet is moved to the right, because of electro-magnetic, induction, a certain electric current is produced. Thus the direction of the electric current is________ .

 　　A. as indicated by the arrowhead in the diagram. When the magnet is moved away, the electric current will soon disappear.

　　B. as indicated by the arrowhead in the diagram. When the magnet is moved away, the electric current will still remain.

　　C. in the opposite direction. When the magnet is moved away, the electric current will soon disappear.

D. in the opposite direction. When the magnet is moved away, the electric current will still remain.