Do you know blood types?

Special care must be taken in selecting new blood for a badly injured person, who would be killed by the transfusion (输血) if the blood is too different from his own.

There are four basic types of blood A. B. A B. and O. Blood type, like hair and height, comes from parents. Basically, A and B can not be mixed. AB, sometimes called the universal recipient (万能受血者), may receive A or B,. O type, often called the universal donor (万能输血者), gives his blood to any other group. Patients usually receive nothing, but salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of a hospital. There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality (国籍). Among Europeans, about 42 % have type A while 45 % have type O. The fewest is the type B.

1.Which of the following show the correct relationship in blood transfusion ("→"means giving blood to...)?

A．                 B．                 C．                 D．

2.Usually person who has been injured and lost too much blood should be given a blood transfusion______.

A．after he receives salt and plasma　          B．before he feels uncomfortable

C．when the new blood fits his body　         D．as soon as accident happens

3.From this passage we can know that among Europeans ______ 13 % have the type B.

A. about 　　B. no more than 　　C. less than 　　D. at most

LONDON----Here’s a new warning from health experts: Sitting is deadly.
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for prolonged periods — even if you also exercise regularly — could be bad for your health. And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place — at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
　　In an editorial published this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin EkblomBak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
　　While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position.
　　"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes regulating(调节) the amount of glucose（葡萄糖） and fat in the body start to shut down.
　　Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day — but still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, rather than in a single bout.（一回）
　　Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.
　　"We don’t have enough evidence yet to say how much sitting is bad," said Peter Katzmarzyk of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, who led the Canadian study. "But it seems the more you can get up and interrupt this sedentary behavior, the better."
　　Figures from a U.S. survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
　　Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible tooffset those effects.
　　"People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits," Ekblom-Bak said. "But when they’re in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible," she said.
【小题1】What is the best title for the text?

Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you’ll know they’re actually the latest in teenage footwear.

　 But experts are now warning that the current shoe fashions will be causing teenagers discomfort in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future.

　 Here, the experts identify the problems caused by teenagers’ shoe choice.

　 KEDS/VANS

　 Slip-on shoes with elastic (弹性的)sides are particularly popular among teenage boys—with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.

　 The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which strikes the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.

　 BALLET PUMPS

　 The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However, ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.

　 “As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait(步法), which leads to short-and-long-term problems such as calluses(茧子), heel and knee pain. ”

　 WEDGES AND STILETTOS

　 These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high that they can force the wearer’s body weight forward, making them very unstable.

　 Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with constant back pain.

　 SCHOOL SHOES

　 So what do podiatrists(足科医生)have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?

　 Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark’s, Marks & Spencer or Rhino.

　 If your teen insists on wearing “bad” shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矫形器) in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot, and properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage.

68. Of all the shoes mentioned in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?

A. Marks & Spencer. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. Wedges and Stilettos.

C. Keds/Vans. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. Ballet Pumps.

69. Which pair of shoes may not be found on the podiatrists’ wish list?

70. The underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means _______ .

A. increase　　　　　　　　　 B. worsen　　　　　　　　　　 C. stop　　　　　　　　 D. cure

71. In which column of Mail Online can you find this passage?

A. Sports. 　　　　　 B. Science. 　　　　 C. Health. 　　 D. Shopping.

Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage．

A

Hi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.

　First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but you'd better eat something different, if you eat different foods, you will probably get more nutrients your body needs.

　Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No.l choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium your body needs to grow strong bones.

Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full? When you are eating, notice how your body feels and when your stomach feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and make you fat.

　Fourth, limit screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. You can't watch TV for more than two hours a day.

　Fifth, be active. One thing you'd like to do as a kid is to find out which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day.

　Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.

1. You should eat different foods especially ___.

A. meat 　　B. hamburgers　　 C. sweets 　　　　D. fruit and vegetables　

2. Which kind of drinks can give you more calcium?

A. Juice　　B. Milk　　　　　 C. Cold water　　 D. Tea

3. According to the passage, you should follow　＿＿rules if you want to be healthy.

A. five　　 B. nine　　　　　 C. fifteen　　　　D. thirteen

4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. When you're eating, you don't have to notice how your body feels.

B. You can eat your favorite food as much as possible.

C. You can watch TV whenever you like to get more information.

D. We should try to live in an active way in our life.

5. Which is the best title of the passage?

A. How to make yourself important

B. How to be a healthy kid

C. How to be a popular kid

D. How to make your parents healthy