Preface to the fourth edition
A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中级的) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of places, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “＝”sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985                                   A.J.T.,  A.VM

1. 1.

   The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for ______.

   1. A.
      a middle school teacher
   2. B.
      a college student
   3. C.
      a senior high student
   4. D.
      a primary school student
2. 2.

   According to the passage, we know that this grammar book ______.

   1. A.
      compares modern English with old English
   2. B.
      gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
   3. C.
      attaches more importance to conversational forms
   4. D.
      pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
3. 3.

   Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?

   1. A.
      This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language
   2. B.
      This edition offers more information about pronouns
   3. C.
      One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”
   4. D.
      It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book
4. 4.

   When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that _______

   1. A.
      the two parts before and after the sign “～”mean the same
   2. B.
      the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”
   3. C.
      the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
   4. D.
      the two parts before and after “～”are said by two different people

Preface to the fourth edition

A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中级的) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.

The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated（解释）with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational（会话） usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms.

In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.

1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.

2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.

3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.

4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.

In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “＝” sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.

51. The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for ________.

A. a middle school teacher                      B. a college student

C. a senior high student                                D. a primary school student

52. According to the passage, we know that this grammar book ________.

A. compares modern English with old English

B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty

C. attaches more importance to conversational forms

D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms

53. Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?

A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.

B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.

C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.

D. It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.

54. When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that ________.

A. the two parts before and after the sign “～” mean the same

B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”

C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says

D. the two parts before and after “～” are said by two different people

Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage．
A
Hi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.
　First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but you'd better eat something different, if you eat different foods, you will probably get more nutrients your body needs.
　Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No.l choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium your body needs to grow strong bones.
Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full? When you are eating, notice how your body feels and when your stomach feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and make you fat.
　Fourth, limit screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. You can't watch TV for more than two hours a day.
　Fifth, be active. One thing you'd like to do as a kid is to find out which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day.
　Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.
【小题1】 You should eat different foods especially ___.

PART THREE  READING COMPREHENSION

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage. (15%)

A

The Olympic flame:

The Olympic flame is a symbol carried over from the ancient Olympics, where a sacred (神圣的) flame burned at the altar（神坛）of Zeus throughout competition. It was finally reintroduced at the 1924 Amsterdam Games, and again burned in 1932.

      Carl Diem, chairman of the organising committee for the 1936 Berlin Games, proposed that the flame be lit in Greece and transported to Berlin via a torch relay. The idea was adopted, and continued at every Olympic Games since 1952.

    The flame is lit at the ancient site of Olympia by the natural rays of the sun reflected off a curved mirror. It is lit at a ceremony by women dressed in robes resembling those worn in ancient times, who then pass it to the first relay runner.

Olympic motto:

“Citius, altius, fortius” is a Latin phrase meaning “swifter, higher, stronger”, which Baron de Coubertin borrowed from Father Henri Martin Dideon of Paris. Dideon was headmaster of Arcueil College, and used the phrase to describe the athletic achievements of students at the school. He had previously been at the Albert Le Grand school, where the Latin words were carved in stone above the main entrance.

Olympic oath(宣誓)

“In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules that govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honour of our teams.”

 Written by Baron de Coubertin, the oath is taken by an athlete from the host nation while holding a corner of the Olympic flag. The athletes’ oath was first taken by Belgian fencer Victor Boin at the 1920 Antwerp Games. A judge from the host country also speaks the oath, with slightly different wording.

66. The Olympic flame was first burned at _______ in modern times.

   A. the 1920 Games                    B. the 1924 Games

   C. the 1932 Games                    D. the 1936 Games

67. From the passage we can learn ________.

   A. before 1936, no flames burned at the Olympic Games

   B. the first torch relay was held at the 1936 Berlin Games

   C. Carl Diem proposed that flames should burn at the Olympic Games

   D. The Olympic torch has burned since 1924

68. Which of the following is TRUE?

   A. There was no athlete’s oath in the 1896 Olympic Games.

   B. The 1920 Olympic games was held in Amsterdam.

   C. The judge from the host country takes the same oath as the athletes does.

   D. Dideon wrote Citius, Altius, Fortius for the Olympic Games.

China’s telecommunications supervisor（管理者）has given long-awaited third-generation, or 3G mobile phone licenses to three mobile operators, a move that is expected to lead to billions of dollars being used in building new networks. As you know, 3G mobile phones are the next big step for the telecom industry and data speed in 3G networks is much quicker than that in present technology. This means users can have high-speed Internet and enjoy video and CD-quality music on their phones. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said China’s biggest mobile operator, China Mobile, was given a license for TD-SCDMA, the domestically-developed 3G standard.
Wang Jianzhou, President of China Mobile said the company had already started construction of new networks to cover all cities by 2011. “After our testing operation of the network which started from last April, we have seen that the new technology has developed into maturity（成熟）. By this June, we will finish the second stage of the network construction which covers 28 cities around the country.”
The other two main carriers, China Telecom and China Unicom, received respectively licenses for the 3G standards of U. S.-developed CDMA2000 and Europe’s WCDMA. Both the three operators expressed an active attitude on the future competition and cooperation in the field of 3G mobile.
The 3G high-speed networks can handle faster data downloads, allowing handset users to make video calls and watch TV programs.
Officials expect that there could be about 280 billion yuan, or about 40 billion dollars of direct investment in new networks over the next two years, an effective measure to boost（提高）the domestic（国内的）demand and perfect telecom market competition.
64. The 3G standard developed in China is ________.
A. SLEDMA      B. CDMA2000      C. TD - SCDMA      D. WCDMA
65. How soon will the new networks cover most parts of China?
A. In half a year.   B. In one year.       C. In two years.      D. In three years.
66. According to the president of China Mobile, ________.
A. 3G mobile phone has developed into maturity
B. the network construction has been finished
C. the network has covered 28 cities in China
D. the second stage of the network hasn’t started
67. Which of the following statements is true?
A. More and more companies will receive respectively licenses for the 3G standards.
B. With 3G high-speed networks, users can watch different programs at the same time.
C. Not all of the three operators thought well of the future competition of 3G mobile.
D. The operators will spend a great amount of money first before earning more money.