In Japan many workers who work in large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment. During their employment, they will not be laid off during recessions(经济萧条) or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots. To some observers, this is what they call capitalism at its best, because workers are treated as people not things. Others see it as necessarily inefficient and they also believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations by being more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.
　　Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works. In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job. The lifetime employment system includes only “regular employees”. Many employees are not included in this category, including all women. All businesses have many part-time and temporary employees. These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are. These “irregular workers” make up about 10 percent of the non-agricultural work force. Additionally, Japanese firms keep some flexibility through the large-scale use of subcontractors（转承包者）. This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.
　　The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased remarkably in Japan since the 1974-1975 recessions. All this leads some people to argue that the Japanese system is not all that different from the American system. During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors. In the United States, corporations lay off those workers with the least seniority(资历). The difference then is probably less than the term “lifetime employment” suggests, but there still is a difference. And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society. The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual(合同的) terms. Firms hold on to the employees and employees stay with one firm. There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job. Most retirement benefits come from the employer. Changing jobs means losing these benefits. Also, teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production. Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily, possessing lower productivity and lower pay.
61.It is stated in the second paragraph that ____.
　　A. defenders themselves do not appreciate the system
　　B. about 90% of “irregular workers” are employed in agriculture
　　C. the business cycle occurs more often in Japan and in the U.S.
　　D. not all employees can benefit from the policy
62. During recessions those who are to be fired first in the U.S. corporations are ____.
　　A. regular employees                   B. part-time workers
C. junior employees                     D. temporary workers
63. According to the passage, Japanese firms are remarkably different from American firms in that the former ____.
　　A. use subcontractors in larger amount
　　B. are less flexible in terms of lifetime employment
　　C. hold on to the values of society
　　D. are more efficient in competition than the latter
64. Which of the following does NOT account for the fact that a Japanese worker is unwilling to change his job?
　　A. He will probably be low-paid.
　　B. He will not be able to possess some job benefits.
　　C. He has got used to the teamwork.
　　D. He will be looked down upon by his prospective employer.
65. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. The guarantee of employment in Japan
B. The consequence of the Japanese system
C. The advantages of lifetime employment in Japan
D. The expectations of capitalism

Bayfield Shopping Coupons (赠券)

I ran into a stranger as he passed by, and I at once apologized to him. We were both very _36_, he stranger and I. Then we went    37  our way after saying good-bye.

But at home a   38  story is told. Later that day, when I 39  supper in the kitchen, my daughter suddenly stood behind me very   40 . When I turned back, I     41  knocked her down. “Don’t be in my   42   !” I shouted angrily. She walked away with her little heart     43 .On the kitchen floor later, I found some flowers by the door.

That night, while I lay     44  in bed, a voice in my deep heart said, “While 45  with a stranger, you are so polite, but with the children you love, you are so easily _46   .Why are there some flowers by the door? Those are the flowers she brought for you. She    47 them herself, pink, yellow and your favorite blue. She stood quietly in order to give you a    48 , and you never saw the         49  in her eyes.”

By this time, I felt very       50  and now my tears began to fall. I quietly went and knelt (跪下) by her __51__, “Wake up, little girl, wake up,” I said, “Are these the flowers you picked for me?” She smiled, “Yes, because I knew you’d like them, especially the  52_  .” I said, “Daughter, I’m sorry for the way I acted today; I       53  have shouted at you that way.”

She said, “Oh, Mom, that’s okay. I love you 54 .” I hugged her and said, “Daughter, I love you too, and I do like the flowers.”

Through this    55 , I realize what FAMILY means:

FAMILY="(F)ATHER" (A)ND (M)OTHER, (I) (L)OVE (Y)OU

Are you interested in travelling in the dangerous mountains in America? Here are some tour plans for you to choose.
Tour 1 Garland Valley
Bring your drink and lunch for this walk in a beautiful area of the Blue Mountains. Garland Valley is close to the town of Garland but is part of the National Park. Many wild animals live in this area, including many rare birds. This is a great walk for bird-lovers. The trip lasts four hours. Book in advance. Cost: $ 15 When: May 8, May 15
Tour 2 Flashlight Adventure
Put on your warm clothes, bring a flashligh and a pair of glasses, and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley. A guide will lead the tour. Many of the animals you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. The guide will tell you about the lives of the animals you see. Numbers are strictly controlled on night trips, so be sure to book early. This walk lasts two and a half hours.
Cost: $ 12 When: May 8, May 15, May22
Tour 3 Black Bear Count
There have been fires in this area in the last few years and the Office of the National Park is not sure how many black bears are still living. Some bears have been seen since the fires, and the Office has asked for young people to help count them. The entire trip will last three hours. Remember to book in advance.
Cost: Free When: May 8
Advice to be followed:
☆ Please bring enough water and food for all walks.
☆ Wear good walking shoes-no high heels.
☆ Wear a hat for day walks.
☆ Dress warmly for night walks.
☆ Children must be with an adult.
☆ Make sure your flashlight works well and bring extra batteries for night walks.
☆ Follow all instructions from guides during the walks. The mountains are so
dangerous that you have to care.
【小题1】Where are these tours likely to take place?

Are you interested in travelling in the dangerous mountains in America? Here are some tour plans for you to choose.

Tour 1 Garland Valley

Bring your drink and lunch for this walk in a beautiful area of the Blue Mountains. Garland Valley is close to the town of Garland but is part of the National Park. Many wild animals live in this area, including many rare birds. This is a great walk for bird-lovers. The trip lasts four hours. Book in advance. Cost: $ 15 When: May 8, May 15

Tour 2 Flashlight Adventure

Put on your warm clothes, bring a flashligh and a pair of glasses, and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley. A guide will lead the tour. Many of the animals you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. The guide will tell you about the lives of the animals you see. Numbers are strictly controlled on night trips, so be sure to book early. This walk lasts two and a half hours.

Cost: $ 12 When: May 8, May 15, May22

Tour 3 Black Bear Count

There have been fires in this area in the last few years and the Office of the National Park is not sure how many black bears are still living. Some bears have been seen since the fires, and the Office has asked for young people to help count them. The entire trip will last three hours. Remember to book in advance.

Cost: Free When: May 8

Advice to be followed:

☆ Please bring enough water and food for all walks.

☆ Wear good walking shoes-no high heels.

☆ Wear a hat for day walks.

☆ Dress warmly for night walks.

☆ Children must be with an adult.

☆ Make sure your flashlight works well and bring extra batteries for night walks.

☆ Follow all instructions from guides during the walks. The mountains are so

   dangerous that you have to care.

1.Where are these tours likely to take place?

   A. In a modern noisy city.          

B. In a special kind of zoo

   C. In a park in the mountains.      

D. In three different countries.

2.On which tours had you better wear a hat according to advice?

   A. Tour 1              

B. Tour 2      

C. Tour 2&3               

D. Tour 1& 3

3.On which trip are you likely to see animals that are active at night but may sleep during the day?

   A. Flashlight Adventure      

B. Garland Valley.

   C. Black Bear Count          

D. None of the trips.

4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

   A. Extra batteries are needed for Tour 1 & 3.

B. All three tours require booking in advance.

   C. It’s clearly advised to wear a hat for Tour 2.

D. Tour 3 will take the longest hours to finish.

5.What is the best title for the passage?

   A. Some Adventure Tours in America

B. Hunting around the Great Mountains

C. Interesting Tours in Different Parks

D. Discovery Tours in the Mountains