摘要:evidence n. 根据.证据.证词

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  Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary.

  Important words to learn:●Essential●improver ● Advanced

  pump/pamp/

  noun[C]DEVICE●1A a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place to an-other:a water/bicycle/fuel pump○a UK petrol/US gas pump SHOE●2[USUALLY PLURAL]US(UK court shoe)a type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of fastening it to the foot which is worn by women 3[USUALLY PLURAL]a type of flat shoe, like a BALLET dancer's shoe when is worn by women 4[USUALLY PLURAL]UK a flat·shoe made of heavy clothy, which is worn by children for doing sports.

  ueerb LIQUID/GAS●1[T USUALLY·ADV/PREP]to force liquid or gas to move somewhere:our latest machine can pump a hundred gallors a minute,○The new wine is pumped into stirage tanks.○The heart pumos blood through the arteries/round the body.INFORMATION2[T]INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direce:She was pumping me for details of the new projece.

  Idioms pump sb's hand to SHAKE someone's hand(hold their hand and move it up and down, espacially In order to greet them)·pump lron INFORMAL to lift beavy weights for exercise; These days both men and wmen pump irom for fithess.

  Pharsal verbs pump sth into sth to spend a lot of money trying to make something operate succesfully:They had been pumpinh money into the business for some Years without seeing any results.

  Pump sth out(M)REMOVE1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump:We took turns pumping out the boat.PRODUCE2INFORMAL DISAPPROVING to produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated, forceful and continuous:The government keeps pumping out the same old propaganda.○The car radio was pumping out music with a heacy beat.

  Pump out sth someone's stomach is pumped out, a Poisonous substance is removed from it by being-sucked Through a tube.She had to go to hospital to have her Stomach pumped out.

  Pump sth up[M]INFORMAL to make someone feel more contident or excited:He was offering them advince and trying to pump them up.○[R]The players were pumping themselves up by singing the national anthem, before the game.

  Pump sth up[M]1 to fill something with air using a pump:Have you pumped up the balloons yet?○ I must pump the tyres up on my bike.2 INFORMAL to increase something by a large amount:The US was able to pump up exports.○Let's pump up the tolume a bit!

  Pump-action/pamp ek/n/ad ectiv[BEFORE NOUN]descnbes a device which operates by forcing songthing, especially air, in or out of a closed space or container; a pump-action shotgun○a pump-action toilet pump prlming noun[U]SPECIALIZED the activity of help-ing a business, programme, economy, etc.to develop by giving it money; The government is awarding small, pump prining grants to single mothers who are starting their oum businesses.

  Pun/pan

  Noun[C]a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sound like another word:she made a couple of dreadful puns.○This is a well-known joke based on a pun “What's black and white and red(=read)all over? A nepaper.

  Verb[I](-nn-)to make a pun

  Punch/pants/

  Nou HIT●1●(c)a forceful hit with a fist(=closed hand)she gave him a punch lik on us in the nose.EFFECT●2 U the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people, I felt the performance speech presntation lacked punch DRnk●3[C OR U]a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices pieces of frut and often wine or other alcoholic drinks tool●4[C]a piece of equipment which cuts boles in a maena by pushing a piece of met through it a ticket punch have you seen the hole puneh anghere?

  Verb(T)hit●1●to hit someone or something with your FIST(=closed hand); He punched him in the stomach.2 MALY US to hit with your fingers the bugins on a telephone or the kdys on a keys on a keyboard USE TOCL●3 to make a hole in something with a spscial place of equipment; I was just punching in some hets of paper.○This belt's too big.I'll have to punch an extra hole in it.

  Idioms punch sb's lights out informal to hit someone repeatedly very hard punch the clock us to put a card into a special machine to record the times you amive at and leave work:After 17 years of punching the clock, he just disappeared one morning and was mever heard from again.

(1)

What does the word“pump”mean in “He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case”?

[  ]

A.

Talk with

B.

ask for information.

C.

Listen to

D.

Provide with evidence

(2)

When Sally says“The TV propram kept pumping out commercials”, she may be ________.

[  ]

A.

excited

B.

interested

C.

annoyed

D.

annoyed

(3)

What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program?

[  ]

A.

Sums of money

B.

Raw materials

C.

Human resources.

D.

Media support.

(4)

When Sylvia says“His speech was OK but it had no real punch”, she thinks it was not ________.

[  ]

A.

fluent and impressive

B.

logical and moving

C.

informative and significant

D.

interestitng and powerful

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阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

  Now scientists believe that global warming affects hibernating animals, causing them to wake up earlier.While this may seem a little concern, it is in fact a significant environmental problem.The shortened hibernation period could actually lead to significant declines in the populations of several species

  Some of the first concrete evidence of the phenomenon came from Colorado, where researchers at the Rocky Mountain Biological lab have been observing marmot(旱獭)hibernation behavior since the 1970s.In the early days of their studies, marmots generally hibernated several weeks into the month of May.Nowadays, however, temperatures in the area have risen by 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit, and the marmots are waking up about a month earlier.

  At least the marmots are still hibernating.Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently.Brown bears in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains did not hibernate last year.In parts of the United States, chipmunks(花鼠)also skipped the hibernation period.The bears seem to have survived without losing many individuals.The chipmunks, however, were not so lucky.Many of the animals died of starvation during the winter.

  The problem with animals waking up early, or skipping hibernation altogether, lies with the creatures’ metabolism(新陈代谢).When an animal hibernates, their metabolism drops significantly.The animals’ heart rate slows, and they require very little energy to live.When the animals awake from their winter slumber, their metabolism returns to normal.

  But while their metabolism may be as active as it was before hibernation, food sources aren't as available as they were before.A marmot may wake up when temperatures get warmer, thinking it's spring, but plants will not have gotten the amount of sun they need to signal their spring period of growth.So until the plants grow, the marmots have no reliable food source.

  Many scientists believe the problem will continue to get worse.In addition to changes in hibernation patterns, some believe that other animals will also begin to change their migration patterns or begin to give birth earlier.For many biologists, that's a scary prospect.Terry Root, an animal expert at Stanford University, said:“I do think what we will be facing is the extinction of many species."

(1)

What is the viewpoint of the writer?

[  ]

A.

Global warming will continue to get worse as time goes on.

B.

Global warming will lead to shortened hibernation of some animals.

C.

Shortened hibernation will result in declines in the population of animals.

D.

Some animals will skip hibernation altogether.

(2)

The writer sets the example of the marmot so as to ________.

[  ]

A.

explain that global warming influences animals’ hibernation

B.

indicate that the weather gets warmer and warmer now

C.

show that the weather in the United States is quite different

D.

say some animals do not hibernate now due to warm weather

(3)

The underlined word “slumber” in the fourth paragraph means “________”.

[  ]

A.

weather

B.

activity

C.

nest

D.

sleep

(4)

Why can't marmots find enough food when they wake up?

[  ]

A.

Because there are too many marmots in the wild now.

B.

Because plants haven't received enough sunlight for spring growth.

C.

Because winter days end much earlier than before.

D.

Because more and more animal species skip hibernation now.

(5)

Terry Root holds a(n) ________ attitude towards the future of animals.

[  ]

A.

optimistic

B.

doubtful

C.

pessimistic

D.

sensitive

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完形填空

  We know the kiss as a form of expressing affection. But long before it became 1 , it was customary in many countries to use it as a( n) 2 of respect. Some native Africans 3 the ground over which a chief has walked. Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect from the 4 times.

  The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes 5 a form of dignified greeting. One Ro man emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the 6 important ones had to kiss his hands, and the 7 important ones were 8 allowed to kiss his feet!

  Most likely the kiss as a form of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother 9 fondle her child, just as a mother 10 today. It only remained for society to 11 this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.

  We have evidence that this was already the 12 by the time of the sixth century, but we can only assume (to think that something is true) it was 13 long before that. The first 14 where the kiss became accepted in courtship (求婚)was in France. The kiss spread rapidly all over Europe. Russia, which loved to 15 the customs of France, soon adopted it. A kiss from the Tsar became 16 of the highest forms of recognition from the 17 .

  In time, the kiss became a part of courtship. 18 marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony. Today, we regard it as an expression of love and tenderness. 19 there are still 20 of formal ceremonies and is intended to convey respect.

1.

[  ]

A.this
B.one
C.it
D.itself

2.

[  ]

A.custom
B.tradition
C.expression
D.affection

3.

[  ]

A.watch
B.touch
C.kiss
D.greet

4.

[  ]

A.earliest
B.latest
C.longest
D.eldest

5.

[  ]

A.of
B.as
C.for
D.in

6.

[  ]

A.not
B.little
C.less
D.least

7.

[  ]

A.last
B.less
C.most
D.least

8.

[  ]

A.too
B.also
C.only
D.ever

9.

[  ]

A.would
B.could
C.should
D.will

10.

[  ]

A.would
B.has
C.doing
D.does

11.

[  ]

A.express
B.allow
C.kiss
D.accept

12.

[  ]

A.case
B.event
C.history
D.evidence

13.

[  ]

A.expressed
B.practised
C.kissed
D.discovered

14.

[  ]

A.city
B.tribe
C.people
D.country

15.

[  ]

A.allow
B.copy
C.spread
D.quote

16.

[  ]

A.one
B.it
C.this
D.that

17.

[  ]

A.queen
B.tyrant
C.crown
D.dictator

18.

[  ]

A.Since
B.Once
C.While
D.As

19.

[  ]

A.And
B.Thus
C.But
D.When

20.

[  ]

A.bit
B.part
C.some
D.an
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完形填空:

  We know the kiss as a form of expressing affection. But long before it became 1 , it was the custom in many parts of the world to use the kiss as a (n) 2 of respect.

  In many African tribes the natives 3 the ground over which a chief has walked. Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect from the 4 times. The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes 5 a form of dignified greeting. One Roman emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the 6 important ones had to kiss his hands, and the 7 important ones were 8 allowed to kiss his feet!

  It is quite probable that the kiss as a form of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother 9 fondle (爱抚) her child, just as a mother 10 today. It only remained for society to 11 this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.

  We have evidence that this was already the 12 by the time of the sixth century, but we can only assume ii was 13 long before that. The first 14 where the kiss became accepted in courtship and love was in France. When dancing became popular, almost every dance figure ended 15 a kiss.

  From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe. Russia, which lived to 16 the customs of France, adopted the kiss and it spread there through all the upper 17 . A kiss from the Tsar became 18 of the highest forms of recognition from the crown.

  In time the kiss became a part of courtship. 19 marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony. Today, of course, we regard the kiss as an expression of love and tenderness. But there are still many places in the world where the kiss is 20 of formal ceremonies and is intended to convey respect.

1.

[  ]

A.this
B.one
C.them
D.itself

2.

[  ]

A.custom
B.tradition
C.expression
D.affection

3.

[  ]

A.watch
B.touch
C.kiss
D.greet

4.

[  ]

A.earliest
B.latest
C.longest
D.eldest

5.

[  ]

A.of
B.as
C.for
D.in

6.

[  ]

A.not
B.little
C.less
D.least

7.

[  ]

A.last
B.less
C.most
D.least

8.

[  ]

A.too
B.also
C.only
D.ever

9.

[  ]

A.would
B.could
C.should
D.will

10.

[  ]

A.did
B.has
C.doing
D.does

11.

[  ]

A.express
B.allow
C.kiss
D.accept

12.

[  ]

A.case
B.event
C.history
D.evidence

13.

[  ]

A.expressed
B.practiced
C.kissed
D.discovered

14.

[  ]

A.city
B.tribe
C.society
D.country

15.

[  ]

A.by
B.with
C.in
D.without

16.

[  ]

A.allow
B.copy
C.spread
D.send

17.

[  ]

A.government
B.countries
C.classes
D.cities

18.

[  ]

A.one
B.it
C.this
D.that

19.

[  ]

A.Since
B.One
C.While
D.As

20.

[  ]

A.bit
B.part
C.some
D.an
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