All areas of the world face a nurses shortage. But the shortage is most severe in developing countries. Many of their nurses move to the more developed nations for better pay, better working conditions and better chances for career development. For example, nearly 2,000 nurses left the Caribbean between 2002 and 2006.

       The Caribbean nations currently have about 1 nurse for every 1,000 people. The ratio(比例) of nurses to population is about 10 times higher in the United States and countries in the European Union(EU). Now, more than 21,000 nurses who trained in the Caribbean are working in the United States, Canada and Britain.

       Gaetan Lafortune is an official of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(O.E.C.D) in Paris. He says the nurses shortage also affects industrialized countries. He says, “There is concern in most O.E.C.D.countries that the number of nurses is too small to meet the demand. And what is more worrying is that their concern is sort of growing.” Mr Lafortune says a large number of nurses are expected to retire within the next 10 years. At the same time, the health care needs of aging populations are expected to grow, intensifying the shortage of nurses.

       Gaetan Lafortune said, “In the U.S., for instance, some researchers have found that there may be a shortage of close to a million nurses by 2020.” The United States is 1 of the 21 countries in the O.C.E.D. Gaetan Lafortune says in the recent years many of the countries increased their efforts to hire foreign nurses. As a result of that, O.E.C.D. countries were mainly exporting their shortage problem to countries that may have an even greater need for these nurses.

What will be the main causes of the global nurses shortage in the next 10 years?

       a. The demand for nurses will decrease.                    

b. Many nurses will be too old to work.

       c. Many rich countries will hire more foreign nurses. 

d. Nurses are often looked down upon.

       e. Aging populations will increase rapidly

       A. a and b             B. b and c              C. b and e              D. c and d

The underlined word “intensify” in para. 3 means “________”.

       A. strengthen         B. neglect            C. reduce               D. cause

We know from this text that America and the EU countries ______.

       A. refuse to offer equal pay to foreign nurses

       B. have at least one nurse out of 100 people

       C. don’t like to train nurses of their own countries

       D. have more serious nursing problems than the Caribbean nations

What does the text mainly tell us?

       A. Nursing is no longer a worthwhile profession in most countries.

       B. The different attitudes towards nursing in different countries.

       C. Nurses shortage will result in serious consequences.

       D. The health care industry needs more nurses.

单词拼写(每空仅填一词）（共10题，每题0.5分，满分5分）

1.A bad habit is easy to form, but hard to______________(克服).

2.The thief _________( 挣扎) to get away from the policeman but failed.

3.Exercise is a great way to ____________(减少).

4.A tire ____________(膨胀) when you pump air into it.

5.He was preparing for tomorrow's lecture. ___________(因此) he couldn't come to the party.

6.It's impossible to know in a ___________what will happen.

7.In g___________, his work has been good, but this essay is terrible.

8.He came to l__________ a few minutes later, unable to remember anything about the accident.

9.He had been working hard, no w _________that he got a rise again.

10.He was picked out from the whole class to r __________them to have the meeting.

第三部分 阅读理解 （共20小题；每小题2分，满分 40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑

    For most Chinese university students, the US is a favorite destination for further education. But apart from obstacles such as the GRE and TOEFL exams, choosing a good graduate school is no easy task.

Admission is very competitive for international students, so it is important to apply for a number of institutions to have a reasonable chance of acceptance.

Since the application to most universities requires a certain fee, Chinese students usually choose seven to 17 universities according to their own financial circumstances.

Wang Yuwei, a Zhejiang University graduate, sent applications to 15 US universities.

When the 24-year-old girl began looking for a US graduate school in her senior year, she took time to compare the various schools and find the ones most suiting her needs. Now, studying at the University of Washington, she knows that her hard work paid off.

 “To broaden your chances, at least one third of the applications should be to less selective schools,” said Wang. “Applicants shouldn’t limit their choices to the most famous institutions.”

Furthermore, one shouldn’t rely on too much on college rankings such as the Gorman Report or US News & World Report’s annual league tables.

The right school is the one that best meets your own personal needs and interests, rather than someone else’s assessment of an institution’s prestige（声望）.

“Usually choices are based on one’s personal interests and academic background, but it is important to make sure that your chosen subject is satisfying,” said Wang.  

1. The author believes that the right school is the one that _____.

A. has the best location

B. offers good living conditions

C. best meets one’s assessment of an institution’s prestige

D. best meets one’s own personal needs and interests

2. According to this passage, what can we judge?

A. To go abroad for further education, you must pass the GRE or TOTEL.

B. Choosing a good graduate school is a piece of cake.

C. More and more students will go abroad for their further education.

D. To get a better chance to go abroad, you’d better apply for a less selective school.

3. In the passage the writer uses the example of Wang Yuwei to show ______.

A. you must spend a lot of time comparing the various schools

B. it is necessary to find the suitable university that meets your personal interests

C. it isn’t worthwhile to spend time looking for the right university

D. one’s own financial circumstances is worth considering

4. What will be continued after this passage?

A. How hard Chinese students studied in America.

B. Some advice on how to take care of yourself in America.

C. Some other things to consider to choose the right school.

D. The difficulties you will meet with while living in America

I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-lime and the nature of black holes.

  At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it didn’t bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement-jobs, research papers, awards-was viewed through the lens of gender(性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture(培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.

  Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.

1. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?

A. She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.

B. She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination

C. She is not good at telling stories of the kind

D. She finds space research more important

2. Form Para 3, we can infer that people would attribute (归结于) the author’s failures to___

A. the very fact that she is a woman

B. her involvement in gender politics

C. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist

D. the burden she bears in a male-dominated society

3. How does the author feel when talking about her class?

A. worried  B. satisfied   C. excited  D. concerned

4. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?

A. Women students needn’t have the concerns of the generation

B. women have more barriers on their way to academic success

C. Women can balance a career in science and having a family

D. Women now have fewer problems in pursuing a science career

“Buy-A-Something” Campaign

One way to request for general donations is to tie it into a campaign like “Buy-A-Brick to Help Build a School in Bolivia”.  Make sure you have some literature to give people as well as a registration form(登记表) that includes name, address, and how many bricks the person purchased.

University Funds

If you are a student, one major source of funding is your own college or university. Many school clubs can raise a certain amount of funds through student activities. See if your club is suitable.

Letter Writing

One of the most effective ways of raising money is to do a letter campaign to as many relatives, friends, former teachers, etc. as possible. Sending a detailed letter to over 100 friends and relatives explaining the program and what you hope to accomplish while you’re on it will help you reach your goal.

Parties, Dances, Music

Use the “Who Do You Know” principle. Do you have a friend in a band? Do you know the owner of a bar or restaurant? Some simple events include playing in a band at a club, and your group gets the cover charge or a percentage of the drink sales.

Exhibitions

This is limited to people with professional art genius. If you are an artist, you can ask friends to help you hold exhibitions and donate your profit to charity or give people who need financial help.

Note: Please remember there are some people who are not so lucky as we are and it’s our duty to help them.

1. . What is the best title for the passage?

2. . What is the “Who Do You Know” principle?

3.  Which is the best way for Albert, a pianist in a small band, to raise money?

4.  What will the money collected be used for?