摘要： What is the text mainly about? A. What contributes to Obama’s successful speeches. B. How Obama plays tricks for a lighthearted speech. C. How Obama can become a president. D. What Obama has done to make himself successful. B You’re rushing to work and a man ahead of you collapses on the sidewalk. Do you stop to help? In a study of by-standers, it was found that some people avert their gaze and keep on walking rather than stop and get involved. “There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed. says a psychologist. “The first thoughts that pop into your mind often keep you from offering help. In order to take action, you have to work against them. Here are some common thoughts that might prevent you from helping: ● Why should I be the one? I’m probably not the most competent person in this crowd. You might think someone older or with more medical knowledge should offer assistance. ● What if he doesn’t really need my help? The fear of embarrassment is powerful; no one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others. ● No one else looks concerned-this must not be a problem. We can follow the people around us- but most people tend to hold back their emotions in public. “If you spot trouble and find yourself explaining inaction, force yourself to stop and evaluate the situation instead of walking on, says the psychologist. “Then retry to involve other people; you don’t have to take on the entire responsibility of being helpful. Sometimes it’s just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, `It looks like we should do something.’ Or asking someone if an ambulance has been called and, if not, to call for one. Once you take action, most people will follow you.
You might say that one reason Barack Obama is president of the US is because he knows how to give a good speech．
Since 2004, Obama has written and delivered thousands of speeches．These are usually praised for two reasons：he treats the audiences like intelligent adults, and he is able to express complicated ideas in a straightforward, natural way．
Before becoming president, Obama was a lawyer, a college professor, and a successful writer-his two memories have become best-sellers．The skills he needed to succeed in his previous jobs have also contributed to his success as a speechmaker．
What's more, he has some secret weapons．
Teleprompter：Obama doesn't go anywhere without his Teleprompter．The textbook-sized panes of glass holding the president's prepared remarks follow him wherever he goes to speak．
Writing team：Obama has a team of people who write his speeches．The writers chat with Obama for hours about what he wants to say．They listen to recordings of past presidential addresses and seek advice from advisers．Obama usually edits and rewrites the drafts several times．
Tricks for lighthearted speeches：
Make fun of the guests：Obama starts his speech by gently teasing his guests．His opening lines grab the audience's attention while giving them an opportunity to relax and laugh at themselves and each other．
Make fun of yourself：A good rule for speechmakers：If you're going to make a joke about someone else, be sure to make one about yourself, too．Obama mocks his own poor choices for filling the position of Commerce Secretary, saying, “No president in history has ever named three Commerce Secretaries this quickly．” In fact, his first two nominees(被提名人)for the position withdrew their names for different reasons．In a process that had otherwise gone smoothly, the Obama Administration was tripped up by the problem of filling the Commerce seat．
(1)
We can infer from the text that Barack Obama ________．
[ ]
A．
has some secret nuclear weapons
B．
has a lot of people write speeches for him
C．
usually has a notebook with him
D．
used to work at college
(2)
Why do people think highly of Obama's speeches?
[ ]
A．
Because he knows how to use a notebook and how to play jokes．
B．
Because he is handsome and has a writing team．
C．
Because he knows how to make fun of the guests and has some secret nuclear weapons
D．
Because he treats the audiences as brilliant adults and knows how to explain complex ideas．
(3)
According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?
[ ]
A．
Obama felt easy to fill the Commerce seat．
B．
Obama appointed three Commerce Secretaries at a time．
C．
It was fairly difficult for Obama Administration to fill the Commerce seat．
D．
No one wanted to be the US Commerce Secretary．
(4)
From the passage, we know that Obama's secret weapons are all these EXCEPT ________．