There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things. The pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(or hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.

Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

1.The phrase“sour the pleasure of society” most nearly means__________.

A.make others unhappy               B. have a good taste with social life　

C. tend to scold others openly       　　   D. enjoy the pleasure of life

2.We can conclude from the passage that__________.

A. such unhappy people are dangerous to social life  B. people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness 

C. we should pity all such unhappy people  

D. unhappy people can not understand happy persons

3.If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit, the author suggests that people should ______.

A. show no respect and politeness to them    

B. prevent any communication with them

C. persuade them to recognize the bad effects

D. quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes

4.In this passage, the writer mainly________.

A. describes two types of people　　        B. laughs at the unhappy people

C.tells people how to be happy in life      D. suggests ways to help them unhappy

完形填空

　　When I was growing up，I was embarrassed（局促不安）to be seen with my father．He was severely crippled（破的）and very short，and when we 　1　 walk together，his hand on my arm for 　2　，people would 　3　．I would inwardly squirm（局促不安）at the unwanted attention．But as we started out，he always said，“You set the pace．I will try to adjust to（适应）you．”

　　Our usual walk was 　4　 the subway，　5　 was how he got to work．He went to work，and，　6　 bad weather，he always never 　7　 a day．

　　When snow or ice was on the ground，it was impossible for him to walk，even with help．　8　 my sister or would 　9　 him through the streets on a child's sleigh（雪撬）to the subway entrance．

　　He never talked about himself as an object of pity，　10　 did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able．What He 　11　 in others was a“ good heart，”and if he found one，the owner was good enough for him．Now that I am older，I believe that is a 　12　 standard by which to judge people，　13　 I still don't know exactly what a“good heart”is．But know the times don't have 　14　 myself．

　　Unable to engage in many activities，my father still tried to take part in some may．

　　When a local sandlot baseball team found itself without a manager，he 　15　 it going．I now know he 　16　 some things indirectly through me．When I played ball，he“ played”too．

　　He had been 　17　 many years now，but I think of him often． I wonder if he sensed my un-willingness 　18　 with him during our walks．If he did，I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was，how I regretted it．I think of him when I get unhappy with something unimportant，when I am envious of another's good 　19　，when I don't have“good heart．”At such times I put

my hand on his arm to 　20　 my balance，and say，“You set the pace．I'll try to adjust to you．

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Japanese students work very hard but many are unhappy．They feel heavy pressures from their parents to do well in school．Most students are always being told by their parents to study harder so that they can have a wonderful life．Though this may be good ideas for those very bright students，it can have very bad results for many students who are not quick enough at learning．

Unfortunately，a number of students killed themselves．Others are after comfort in using drugs．Some do bad things with trouble-makers and turn to crime．Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have disappointed their parents．Such students feel that they are less important and leave school before they have finished their study．

It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried about their children, they do not help them in any way．Many parents feel that they are not able to help their children and that it is the teachers' work to help their children．To make matters worse, a lot of parents send their children to special school called juku-cram schools．These schools are open during the evening and on weekends, and their only purpose is to prepare students to pass exams, they do not try to educate students in any real sense of the real world. It thus comes as a shock to realize that almost three quarters of the junior or high school population attend these cram schools．　　　　

Ordinary Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from fhe students' hair to their clothes and things in their school bag．Child psychologists now think that such strict rules often lead to a feeling of being unsafe and being unable to fit into society．They regard the rules as being harmful to the development of each student．They believe that no sense of moral values is developed and that students are given neither guidance nor training in becoming good citizens．

67．A lot of Japanese students are unhappy at school because              　　

A．they work very hard    B．they find they can't do well at school

C．they feel unimportant  D．they are under too much pressure　　　　

68．Because of their failure at school, some students take drugs to          

A．kill themselves             B．seek comfort

C．disappoint their parents     D．make trouble　　　　

69．What should be the best title of the passage?

A．Students' Pressure   

B．Students' Problems　　　　

C．The Negative Impact(影响) of Japanese Education　　　　

D．The Trouble in Japanese Schools

70．In juku-cram schools students_______．

A．are taken good care of by the teachers    B．feel no pressure

C．are trained to pass exams               D．can learn a lot of useful things

71．In ordinary Japanese schools，________．

A．there are strict rules      B．students feel safe　　　　

C．students can do anything  D．learning is not important

The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
　　Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
　　The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is very positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
　　In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
　　Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.
　　The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
【小题1】What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?