摘要: Canadian Education / Education in Canada

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     Canada's wealth comes from the exploitation of its rich natural resources and from the work of its
citizens. Canadians are employed in a variety of jobs. All of these jobs can be grouped into one of three
categories: extractive industries, manufacturing industries and service industries.
     Industries that take raw materials from the natural environment are called extractive or primary
industries. Canada has a wealth of natural resources. The extractive industries that have been developed
to exploit these natural resources make an important contribution to the wealth of our economy. Without
these extractive industries and the money they bring from other countries, Canada's economy could not
exist in its present form. Yet only a small percentage of Canada's labour force work in extractive
industries. Extractive industries rely on laboursaving machines instead of human labour.
     Manufacturing industries process the products of extractive industries into finished products.
Manufacturing industries transform raw materials into many different forms to be used by consumers or
by other companies. This processing may be done in one or more stages. For example, iron ore is
transformed into steel in factories. This is called primary manufacturing. The steel is then sent to
companies for further processing into cars, mining equipment, machines, nails, and other products-such
as bicycle frames. This is called secondary manufacturing.
     Manufacturing industries are located in many towns and cities across Canada. Companies try to build
their factories in densely populated areas because they want to near the people who buy their products.
If they locate near their customers, then they save money on shipping costs. Manufacturing industries
provide more jobs to Canadians than do extractive industries. Yet the number of people employed in
manufacturing is still small in comparison to the third category, services. As with extractive industries,
manufacturing process use many machines that require relatively few workers.
     Service industries provide services needed by the extractive and manufacturing industries, and by
society in general. Without these services, society could not operate. The majority of Canadian workers
do not produce "goods" in their jobs. Instead, they provide "services" for others. The range of services
is very great and includes such things as retailing, office work, education, health care, communications,
government, transportation, and personal services.
     Service industries in one form or another are spread over the entire country. In every community
there are stores, banks, schools, police forces, and dozens of other services. The majority of service
industries are found in town and cities because services are provided for people and there are many
more people in urban areas.
     Canada's economy depends upon the creation of jobs in all three types of industry.

                          Introduction All 1.________can be divided into three
categories: extractive industries, manufacturing
industries and service industries.
                   Extractive industries Extractive industries are also called primary industries,
which are 2.________with the exploitation of raw
materials from the natural environment.
                    3.________
                       industries Manufacturing industries 4.________raw materials
into products, which can be used by people or
companies.
Manufacturing industries can be
grouped into primary manufacturing
and 5.________ manufacturing.
Primary manufacturing 6.________
steel from iron ore for further processing.
Secondary manufacturing will then use
the steel to make products like cars,
bikes, etc. for people to use.
                    Service industries Service industries provide services the other two industries
need. Without these services, our society cannot 7.________.
Service industries provide jobs for shop
assistants, office 8.________,  teachers,
doctors, and many others.
Service industries mainly provide services
for 9.________.
                        Closing Our society is 10.________on all three types of industry.
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A particular quirk(古怪举动)of Canadian education is that there isn’t one system but 13. All 10 provinces and all 3 territories have the right to run their own education systems. It’s established in the Constitution.

This means there is no national standard. Nobody agrees on the grade at which one makes the transition from elementary to secondary school, nor on how many years’ schooling is compulsory, nor how many grades there should be before college or university, nor how schools should be funded. Families relocating often get a surprise when they are informed that the children will have to repeat a grade because the one they have just finished does not cover the required courses to pass into the next grade where they are now.

Older children from isolated areas may be sent away to boarding schools, but this practice is falling out of favor. These days children in a very small community are more likely to attend the same school from kindergarten to grade 12(13 in Ontario, 11 in Quebec). In rural areas, pupils are taken to the nearest school in large yellow buses, some spending over an hour on the bus each way. Some never do a spot of homework at home because they always complete it on the bus. With the arrival of computers, high-quality education has now become possible even in very remote areas. It also enables parents to educate their children at home.

Colleges in Canada are sponsored by the state. Fully 75% of Canadian students go on after high school to some sort of further education. Having a university degree is fast becoming the minimum standard for employment but is far from a guarantee of a good job; those with a PhD in Philosophy, if not holding tenure at a university, are likely to be flipping burgers at a fast-food joint.

                      75 ______________________

Strange education system        

76 _____________

Not one system but 13

No national standard

*No agreement on the grade at which one transfers from elementary to secondary school

*No agreement on 77_______________       

*No agreement on78____________ before college or university

*No consensus about 79________________funding schools

80 ____________

*Older children from isolated areas studying in boarding schools

*Children in a very small community 81________ the same school till Grade 12-13

*Children in rural areas taken to the nearest school spending over an hour in large school buses 82 _______________

College education

* Fully 75% high school students83 ____________    

* Getting a university degree becoming 84 ______________ for employment

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完形填空

  Terry Fox was a courageous Canadian runner. He had only one leg 1 tried to 2 across Canada in 1980 to raise money for 3 .

  Terry Fox 4 in Winnipeg in 1958. His right 5 was cut off because of bone cancer in 1977, and 6 an artificial (man-made) one. It was the 7 he saw of the 8 in the hospital where he, was treated 9 him to make his run. He trained for 15 months and began the run in April 1980 at St. John's. Fox 10 the “Marathon of Hope”, a marathon 11 about 26 miles ( 42 kilometers ) a day 12 134 days. He was forced to 13 near Thunde Bey, on September 1, after learning cancer 14 his lungs. Fox was sent to hospital, and died 10 months 15 when he was aged 27. Fox's run 16 about 25 million for cancer research 17 he didn't finish it.

   18 inspired Steve Fonyo, another 19 who lost a leg 20 cancer. In 1985, at the age of 19, Fonyo completed a 14-month, 4, 925-mile run across Canada.

1.

[  ]

A.and
B.or
C.so
D.but

2.

[  ]

A.run
B.drive
C.ride
D.travel

3.

[  ]

A.his treatment
B.his living cost
C.cancer research
D.his education

4.

[  ]

A.was working
B.got married
C.was born
D.went to school

5.

[  ]

A.arm
B.hand
C.foot
D.leg

6.

[  ]

A.was given
B.gave
C.sold
D.was selling

7.

[  ]

A.hard work
B.suffering
C.happiness
D.operations

8.

[  ]

A.doctors
B.nurses
C.patients
D.parents

9.

[  ]

A.inspired
B.made
C.that made
D.that inspired

10.

[  ]

A.was called
B.called it
C.called
D.calling it

11.

[  ]

A.at
B.for
C.with
D.from

12.

[  ]

A.at
B.with
C.from
D.for

13.

[  ]

A.keep
B.move
C.stop
D.made his way

14.

[  ]

A.had spread
B.had spread to
C.got
D.reached

15.

[  ]

A.later
B.earlier
C.after
D.before

16.

[  ]

A.cost
B.won
C.spent
D.raised

17.

[  ]

A.because
B.though
C.if
D.unless

18.

[  ]

A.Fox's run
B.The money
C.Fox's death
D.Fox's disease

19.

[  ]

A.English
B.American
C.Canadian
D.French

20.

[  ]

A.because
B.for
C.to
D.from
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