摘要： What would be the best title for this passage? A. Insects use plants as a telephone. B. insects live in harmony with each other C. No species can live alone. D. Plants and animals have an effect on each other. B Even before my father left us, my mother had to go back to work to support our family. Once I came out of the kitchen, complaining, “Mom, I can’t peel potatoes. I have only one hand. Mom never looked up from sewing.“You get yourself into that kitchen and peel those potatoes, she told me.“And don’t ever use that as an excuse for anything again! In the second grade, our teacher lined up my class on the playground and had each of us race across the monkey bars, swinging from one high steel rod to the next. When it was my turn, I shook my head. Some kids behind me laughed, and I went home crying. That night I told Mom about it. She hugged me, and I saw her “we ll see about that look.The next afternoon, she took me back to school. At the deserted playground, Mom looked carefully at the bars.“Now, pull up with your right arm, she advised. She stood by as I struggled to lift myself with my right hand until I could hook the bar with my other elbow. Day after day we practiced, and she praised me for every rung I reached. I’ll never forget the next time, crossing the rungs, I looked down at the kids who were standing with their mouths open. One night, after a dance at my new junior high, I lay in bed sobbing. I could hear Mom come into my room. “Mom, I said, weeping, “none of the boys would dance with me. For a long time, I didn’t hear anything. Then she said, “Oh, honey, someday you’ll be beating those boys off with a bat. Her voice was faint and cracking. I peeked out from my covers to see tears running down her cheeks. Then I knew how much she suffered on my behalf. She had never let me see her tears.

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Science Daily (Apr 27, 2008) — Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean (地下的) and aboveground herbivorous (食草的) insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant. This way, aboveground insects are warned that the plant is already “occupied”.

Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean root-eating insects. Subterranean insects send out chemical signals through the leaves of the plant, which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This messaging makes it possible for spatially-separated insects to avoid each other, so that they do not compete for the same plant.

In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean residents and vice versa (反之亦然). It seems that a system has developed through natural selection, which helps the subterranean and aboveground insects to notice each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.

Through the “green telephone lines”, subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely the natural enemy of caterpillars (毛虫). Parasitic wasps (寄生的黄蜂) lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, as these help them find more insects for their eggs.

The communication between subterranean and aboveground insects has only been studied in a few cases. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is. But scientists are looking into it. This research was carried out at the Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) by Roxina Soler, Jeffrey Harvey, Martijn Bezemer, Wim van der Putten and Louise Vet. The PhD project, in which this study was carried out, was funded by the Free Competition of NWO Earth and Life Sciences.

51. After finding a plant occupied by subterranean insects, aboveground insects usually ____.

A. send out warning signals B. choose to give up the plant

C. compete for the plant D. share it with the subterranean insects

52. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if they ____.

A. feed on plants occupied by subterranean insects

B. feed on plants not occupied by subterranean insects

C. become cleverer through natural selection

D. compete with subterranean insects

53. Subterranean insects communicate with a third party through ____.

A. caterpillars B. parasitic wasps C. wasps’ eggs D. a plant’s leaves

54. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Other animals may communicate in the same way.

B. There will be further research into this phenomenon.

C. Part of the study is a PhD project.

D. The Free Completion of NWO Earth and Life Sciences has the patent for these results.

55. What would be the best title for this passage?

A. Insects use plants as a telephone. B. Insects live in harmony with each other.

C. No species can live alone. D. Plants and animals have an effect on each other.

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51. After finding a plant occupied by subterranean insects, aboveground insects usually ____.

A. send out warning signals B. choose to give up the plant

C. compete for the plant D. share it with the subterranean insects

52. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if they ____.

A. feed on plants occupied by subterranean insects

B. feed on plants not occupied by subterranean insects

C. become cleverer through natural selection

D. compete with subterranean insects

53. Subterranean insects communicate with a third party through ____.

A. caterpillars B. parasitic wasps C. wasps’ eggs D. a plant’s leaves

54. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Other animals may communicate in the same way.

B. There will be further research into this phenomenon.

C. Part of the study is a PhD project.

D. The Free Completion of NWO Earth and Life Sciences has the patent for these results.

55. What would be the best title for this passage?

A. Insects use plants as a telephone. B. Insects live in harmony with each other.

C. No species can live alone. D. Plants and animals have an effect on each other.

查看习题详情和答案>>

阅读理解。

     Science Daily (Apr. 27, 2008)-- Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have
discovered that subterranean (地下的) and aboveground herbivorous (食草的) insects can
communicate with each other by using plants as telephones.  Subterranean insects issue chemical
warning signals through the leaves of the plant. This way, aboveground insects are warned that the
plant is already "occupied".
     Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean
root-eating insects. Subterranean insects send out chemical signals through the leaves of the plant,
which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This messaging makes it possible for
spatially-separated insects to avoid each other, so that they do not compete for, the same plant.
     In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly
if they feed on plants that also have subterranean insects and 'vice versa (反之亦然). It seems that a
mechanism (机制) has developed through natural selection,  which helps the subterranean and
aboveground insects to communicate with each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.
      Through the "green telephone lines", subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party,
namely the natural enemy of caterpillars (毛虫). Parasitic wasps (寄生蜂) lay their eggs inside above
ground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, as these help them find more
insects for their eggs.
     The communication between subterranean and above- ground insects has only been studied in a
few systems. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is, say the researchers.

1. How do subterranean and aboveground insects communicate with each other?

A. By sending signals through the leaves.
B. By giving off particular smells.
C. By making soft and beautiful sounds.
D. By the signals sent by parasitic wasps.

2. After finding a plant occupied by root-eating insects, aboveground insects will usually ________.

A. send out warning signals
B. choose to leave the plant
C. compete for the same plant
D. fight with the root-eating insects

3. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if their food plants ________.

A. are often visited by parasitic wasps
B. are not occupied by mot-eating insects
C. have more green leaves
D. have more subterranean insects

4. What does the underlined part "a third party' in Paragraph 4 include?

A. Aboveground insects.
B. Root-eating insects.
C. Caterpillars.
D. Parasitic wasps.

5. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Communication between different insects
B. How do animals avoid competition?
C. Insects use plants as telephones
D. When plants have subterranean residents

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Starving polar bears are eating one another in the Arctic. Flowers are blooming too soon and die. The ice caps are melting so fast that rising water levels will threaten coastal towns along Florida within several decades. These are just a few examples of the terrible consequences of climate change supported by a new analysis in Nature.
In the past three decades, average global temperatures have risen about 0. 6°C and are projected to jump by about 1. 7°C by the end of the century, says Cynthia Rosenzweig, who leads the Climate Impacts Group at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University in New York. “We’ve already seen that a relatively low amount of warming,” she says, “can lead to a broad range of changes. ”
The unnatural warming caused by man-made greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide produced by cars and coal-powered plants, brings trouble for entire ecosystems. In North America alone, scientists have identified 89 species of plants, such as the American holly that have flowered earlier in the spring. In Spain, apple trees bloom 35 days ahead of schedule in response to the higher temperatures. Other wildlife, like the insects that use certain plants for food and the birds that feed on the insects, must then move forward their seasonal stirrings(萌动) and mating（交配） patterns to survive.
To try to follow this time shift, some birds such as robins, the classic symbol of winter’s thaw(解冻时期), are returning to Colorado from their migrations some two weeks earlier than in years past. All these changes can throw a food chain in disorder. Some bird species that arrive before the insects reappear may starve to death.
“Around the world, plants and animals are waking up to an earlier alarm clock than they used to,” says Terry Root, a biologist from Stanford University.

1.
The underlined word “projected”(in Paragraph 2) probably means “____”.
1. A.
  forced
2. B.
  presented
3. C.
  indicated
4. D.
  predicted
2.
According to the third paragraph, as a result of climate change ____ .
1. A.
  the warm weather wakes animals up earlier
2. B.
  certain trees bloom a season ahead of time
3. C.
  the birds need to change patterns of living
4. D.
  the American holly will flower in late spring
3.
What can we know about robins according to the passage?
1. A.
  Farmers depend on them to tell the time.
2. B.
  They used to come back when spring came.
3. C.
  They used to predict the change of weather.
4. D.
  They usually migrate when seasons change.
4.
What would be the best title for the passage?
1. A.
  Man is to blame for global warming
2. B.
  Great changes take place on Earth
3. C.
  Bird migration and climate change
4. D.
  Global warming changing nature’s clock

查看习题详情和答案>>

Starving polar bears are eating one another in the Arctic. Flowers are blooming too soon and die. The ice caps are melting so fast that rising water levels will threaten coastal towns along Florida within several decades. These are just a few examples of the terrible consequences of climate change supported by a new analysis in Nature.
In the past three decades, average global temperatures have risen about 0. 6°C and are projected to jump by about 1. 7°C by the end of the century, says Cynthia Rosenzweig, who leads the Climate Impacts Group at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University in New York. “We’ve already seen that a relatively low amount of warming,” she says, “can lead to a broad range of changes. ”
The unnatural warming caused by man-made greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide produced by cars and coal-powered plants, brings trouble for entire ecosystems. In North America alone, scientists have identified 89 species of plants, such as the American holly that have flowered earlier in the spring. In Spain, apple trees bloom 35 days ahead of schedule in response to the higher temperatures. Other wildlife, like the insects that use certain plants for food and the birds that feed on the insects, must then move forward their seasonal stirrings(萌动) and mating（交配） patterns to survive.
To try to follow this time shift, some birds such as robins, the classic symbol of winter’s thaw(解冻时期), are returning to Colorado from their migrations some two weeks earlier than in years past. All these changes can throw a food chain in disorder. Some bird species that arrive before the insects reappear may starve to death.
“Around the world, plants and animals are waking up to an earlier alarm clock than they used to,” says Terry Root, a biologist from Stanford University.
【小题1】The underlined word “projected”(in Paragraph 2) probably means “____”.

【小题2】According to the third paragraph, as a result of climate change ____ .

A．the warm weather wakes animals up earlier

B．certain trees bloom a season ahead of time

C．the birds need to change patterns of living

D．the American holly will flower in late spring

【小题3】What can we know about robins according to the passage?

A．Farmers depend on them to tell the time.

B．They used to come back when spring came.