Every family with kids has seen its share of arguments, shouting and complaining. It turns out that all those conflicts serve an important purpose in the development of children . Saying “no” followed by a bad temper, just may be an unavoidable part of growing up. And that’s a good thing. These are the first steps toward independence. Even young children have to challenge their parents sometimes. Studies have shown the following:

·Although stressful, conflicts are beneficial for children.

·Learning to manage conflicts is necessary for a child’s development.

·Conflicts during the preschool years occur because children desire more attention than parents can or should give.

If you understand why conflicts occur, it can minimize the conflicts between you and your children. Conflict is a child’s attempt to develop a sense of self and how he or she learns to express his or her needs and ideas. Parents develop and drive this independence by putting children to the outside world both formally and informally.

Conflicts can grow out of a difference of opinion or might just be a way to blow off steam(发脾气). In rare situations, constant conflicts between parents and children can indicate a deeper emotional problem. Consult your doctor if this seems to be your situation.

It’s important to offer your child choices, which should be determined by age and developmental level. The more responsible a child is, the more choices he or she gets in reward. You can threaten your child with punishment, but often offering a choice will better improve angry situations. Consequences and rewards should have some meaning to your child.

Often a child’s adverse(敌对的)reaction when he or she hears the word “no” can be avoided by giving the child an explanation as to why you have refused his or her request.

1.The intended readers of this passage are           .

2.By saying "that's a good thing" in Paragraph 1, the author means     .

3.If a 3-year-old boy challenges his parents angrily, according to studies, he may           .

4.In most cases ,the conflicts between parents and their children       .

5.What can be concluded from the passage?

In 1980, Candy Lightner's 13－year－old daughter Cad was killed by a drunk driver as she walked down a suburban street in California. “I promised myself on the day of Cad's death that I would fight to make this needless accident count_for something positive in the years ahead，”Candy Lightner later wrote.

The drunk driver received a two－year prison sentence. However, he avoided prison by serving time in a work camp and a halfway house. Ms. Lightner was very angry about that and so organized Mothers Against Drunk Drivers(MADD), which later changed to Mothers Against Drunk Driving. The aim of her organization was to raise public awareness of the serious nature of drunk driving and to promote tough legislation against the crime.

Before Ms. Lightner's MADD, intoxication (醉酒), including drunk driving, was not taken seriously. Intoxication was often used as an excuse for otherwise unacceptable behaviour: “I didn't know what I was doing—I was drunk.”

Candy Lightner appeared on major television shows, spoke before the US Congress, addressed professional and business, groups, and worked tirelessly for years to change public attitudes, change judicial(审判的) behaviour, and promote tough new legislation. Ms. Lightner left MADD because the organization that she herself created is changing its focus. “I didn't start MADD to deal with alcohol. I started MADD to deal with the issue of drunk driving.”

The President of the United States awarded her the President's Volunteer Action Award and she was the subject of the movie “Mothers Against Drunk Drivers: the Candy Lightner Story”．

6. One of the purposes of MADD was to ________.

A. improve drivers' driving skills

B. make new laws against crimes

C. tell drivers to avoid drunk driving

D. warn people not to drink alcohol

7. What does the underlined part “count for ” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. To be valuable for.      B. To explain.

C. To take the place of.     D. To control.

8. How did Ms. Lightner realize MADD's goals?

a. By talking on TV.

b. By giving a talk to businessmen.

c. By giving suggestions to the US Congress.

d. By applying for a job with the government.

A. a, c, d                  B. a, b, d      C. a, b, c            D. b, c, d

9. We can learn from the passage that________.

A. the drunk driver had not been caught

B. drunk driving didn't receive enough attention before MADD

C. Candy Lightner played a leading role in a film

D. MADD didn't get much support from society

10. What would be the BEST title for the passage?

A. What is MADD?

B. How to stop drunk driving?

C. New law against drunk driving

D. Candy Lightner and her MADD

What do those countries have in common? People are killing each other or drive others out of their homes. Why is this happening? Very simple, in each of these, one group of people believes another group is different from them and dangerous to them. It has been thus through history. How different are humans from each other?

  We come in different colors: red, black, white, yellow and brown; we have a variety of political systems, social systems, religious views or none at all; We are different in mind, have different educational systems, different economic classes. We speak different languages, and have different customs and dresses.

  If we were to break each of these further, we would have quite a long list of qualities and characteristics that make humans appears to be different from each other. I say they appear to be different, because most of what have been listed stand for what we see or hear, not what is true of human. Man is man everywhere. It is only where he lives, when he lives there, with whom he lives there, and al the others that have effect on how he lives, that is, what he believes, what he wears, his customs, his language and so on. These are man-made facts that each group develops over tome, living together, facing the same problems, needing and desiring the same things. They are his culture. The truth is that we are much more same than different. If you wear one type of clothing and I wear another, we both wear some kind of clothing. Our culture demands it. If you speak one language and I another, we both speak so that others will understand us; we must communicate with each other. Nothing is gained by giving too many differences, but much is lost. If we understood our differences as the ones of culture, then we could make our world more peaceful.

  Differences does not mean better or worse, right or wrong. It means only that differences have been made by society. Differences produce variety of thoughts, work out human problems peacefully.

Which of the following is the best tile for this passage?

 A. Differences.  B. Humans   C. Cultures.   D. Customs.

People in those countries fight each other because______

 A. They have different colors.

 B. They have different customs and dresses.

 C. They have different education systems.

 D. They think that others are different and harmful.

If you pay much attention to differences, ________.

 A. we will get something.

 B. we will produce problem.

 C. we will develop further.

 D. Nothing will be lost.

From this passage it can be inferred that ________.

 A. Our world would be more peaceful if we understand and communicate with each other.

 B. People don’t know how differences are caused.

 C. It is only differences that can solve man’s problems.

 D. Man is man everywhere but not woman.

People say time is relative．But relative to what．I do know that sometimes time“seems”to be moving slower．Remember Christmas Eve when you were a child? It was the longest night of the year．It lasted forever! And now it seems like I just paid my bill yesterday．．．and it’s due again!  
People tell me all too frequently…I need more time! Oh ，really?…Mother Teresa，Michelangelo，and Helen Keller all had 24 hours a day．Look what they did with their time!
Is it that we need to manage our time better…or our priorities(重点)?You’ve heard the expression“first things first．”The first step in understanding the power of time is to understand that it is limited．Why is it then that some people get a lot more done? We know the answer．They use their time smartly．   
One day an expert on time management was speaking to a group of students and announced a quiz．He pulled out a wide-mouthed jar．Next，he placed about a dozen fist-sized rocks，one at a time , into the jat, until no more would fit．“Is it full?” he asked．”Yes，”responds the class．”Oh really?” he asked．So he took out a bucket of gravel(砂砾), which he managed to work down into the spaces between the larger rocks．“Is it full now?” he asked．
Wising up，one answered，‘'Probably not．”Sure enough, he took out a bucket of sand，which he poured into the empty spaces．”Is it full now?” he asked．”No,” reply the students confidently．So he took a glass of water and filled it in．Then he asked，“What is my point?’’
One said，‘'No matter how full your schedule is，if you try really hard，you can always fit some more things into it！”
“No，”the speaker replied，“It tells us if you don’t put the big rocks in first, you’ll never get them in at all．’’
What are the big rocks? The things you should put in to your jar first．
The rich don’t get 25 hours and the poor don’t get 23…we all get the same．Let’s use them wisely! Invest your time wisely!
49．What does the point of the quiz lie in_______.
A．How to put more things into ajar． B．How well the students learn the lesson．
C．How to get more done in limited time      D．The skill and order is very important．
50． “The big rocks”in this passage refers to_______?
A．difficult points．        B．advantages     C．minor things           D．focuses
51. How is the passage mainly developed?
A．By inferring．             B．By comparing．
C．By listing examples．        D．By giving facts．
52. The text is written mainly            
A．to explain the origin of the expression “first things first”
B．to call on us to use our time in a smart manner   
C．to introduce a meaningful class given by an expert
D．to tell us about the relativity and the power of time

When someone says “SHARK” most people think of a big, toothy, underwater animal; basically we are imagining a Great White. In fact sharks come in all shapes, sizes and even colors! Follow me please; I’d like to show you a very special small shark commonly known as horn sharks, only found in the coastal waters of north-west North America.

Look at this shark, and you can easily see the horns on it and you will know the reason why it is called the horn shark is that it has the broad, flattened head and two large horn-like spines(脊椎) found behind its eyes and makes it one of the hardiest of all shark species. What makes it unique is that as its enemy attempts to swallow it, the spines on its back will stick into the enemy’s mouth and give a good chance for it to get away.

The horn shark is brown in color with black spots all over its body. The adults can reach up to a length of 4 feet and weigh up to 10 kg. An interesting fact about the horn shark is that it has five gills(鳃). The horn shark is a clumsy swimmer using its flexible pectoral fins(胸鳍)to push itself along the bottom of the ocean. The maximum distance that has ever been recorded for a horn shark to have traveled out from its habitat is 10 miles.

Today, as so little is known about its population off the Californian coast, they have been listed as being “Data Deficient” in the World Conservation Union. The horn shark is being threatened both by water pollution and commercial fishing in the area. Though they are not among those sea creatures hunted primarily for food, but they often get caught as a by-catch in fishing expeditions.

1.The horn shark gets its name for______.

A. its small size                            B. its large eyes

C. its two large spines                       D. its brown color with spots

2.How is paragraph 3 mainly developed?

A. By giving descriptions                     B. By following time order

C. By analyzing causes                       D. By making comparisons

3.Which factors contribute to the horn shark’s being on the “Data Deficient” list?

①That people like hunting them for pets        ②That people fish them for fun

③Water pollution off the coast                ④Knowing little about them

A. ①②                B.②③            C. ①④            D.③④

4. According to the passage, all of the following are unique to the horn shark EXCEPT that_____.

A. it doesn’t travel far

B. it is good at swimming

C. its spines can be used to attack the enemy and escape

D. it is only found in the coastal waters of north-west North America