Should you stay at home to look after your child，or return to work?

Maybe you don’t have the option.Combining work and motherhood is an issue faced by increasing numbers of women every day.

New research for the Institute for Economic and Social Research could solve this quandary once and for all.In short，it concludes that going back to work after the birth of a child can have a negative impact on the child’s development—unless you have lots of money.

“Growing up in a family in which the mother chooses to work appears to have some adverse consequences for children’s welfare，” the research says.However，it adds that extra money brought in by both parents can reduce the negative effect.The negative effect is also less apparent in children of better?educated mothers.

The research by John Ermisch and Marco Francesconi is especially downbeat about welfare to work programmes，and especially，the prospects for the children of some single parents.

“It is hard to see anything but gloomy (阴暗的) prospects for the children of single parents (who are generally poor)，” the researchers said.This is because in a common family where both parents work，extra money brought in by the mother’s working would compensate for less time spent with the children.

In contrast，the researchers said the effects of paternal (父亲的) employment were far more modest，but this did not mean that fathers had no role in shaping their children’s welfare.Money brought in by the father would be a major resource for helping children develop.

The research says，however，that before parents get too carried away by worrying about working，there are more important issues facing a child’s development.Parents’ personalities and emotional stability，parenting practices，and the friends and networks that children experience while growing up will be much bigger factors than whether their mothers work.

1.The extra money brought in by both parents________.

A．plays different roles in shaping a child’s welfare

B．can reduce the negative effect on a child

C．has negative effect on a child’s development

D．may damage the life of children

2.The researchers would agree that________.

A．mothers should keep a balance between work and family life

B．the more money mothers make，the worse their children will be

C．mothers should make as much money as they can

D．it would be better for mothers to be with children at home

3.We can conclude from the passage that________.

A．it doesn’t matter how? much money a father brings home

B．education is the only factor in shaping a child’s welfare

C．money made by mothers can also contribute to a child’s well?being

D．mothers’ income can have a deeper effect on a child’s development

4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Whether mothers work is not worth considering.

B．The research shows family stability is important.

C．Parents should stop worrying about working.

D．More important factors are involved in a child’s development.

About six years ago，I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City    36    a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table．I couldn’t  help overhearing parts of their conversation．At one point the woman asked：“So，    37    have you been？”And the boy，who    38    more than seven or eight years old， 39   ，”To tell you the truth，I’ve been feeling a little depressed（ 忧郁）lately．”

His words   40  in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing．   41   I can remember，my friends and I didn’t  find out we were“depressed”    42 we were in high school．

The evidence of   43   in children has increased steadily in recent years．Children don’t  seem 44    any more．Children speak，dress，and behave more like adults than they used to．

   45   this is good or bad is difficult to say，but it certainly is different．Childhood   46   it once was no longer exists．Why？

Human development is based not only on born biological states，but    47    patterns of access to social knowledge． Movement from one social role from another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status．Children have always been taught adults’    48    ，but slowly and in stages: traditionally，we tell the sixth graders things we keep   49    the fifth graders．

In the last thirty years，  50   ，a secret - disclosing machine called television   51   installed in 98 percent of American families．It passes information， and indiscriminately（不加区别地），to all viewers alike，without considering they are children or adults．Unable to resist the temptation，many children    52    their attention from printed texts to the less challenging，more vivid moving pictures．

Communication through print，as a matter of fact，    53    a great deal of control over the social information   54     children have access．Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practiced．Children must read    55    books before reading complex materials．

The moment I knew my mother had incurable lung cancer, I realized for the first time that time will one day run out for us all.
I have determined to be with my mother as much as I possibly can. This is not out of a sense of
1, but because I really want to be near her. But making the time to2with my mother has been my greatest3. I have a husband, a four-year-old son and a home to nm. I also hold down a(n)4job as a radio announcer at the BBC.
I arrived at work one day to be told we would be doing a radio series exploring “time poverty”. I’ve5been taken with the idea that we are time-poor. How can I - who have so many labor-saving machines and an only child – have6time than my mother who had six children and no7?
I put this8a professor. He pointed out that it is because I try to keep my home much cleaner than my mother did. I admit I like to9to my friends. My husband says10that I remove all traces (痕迹) of human life11anyone arrives.
The professor said12has become the new religion. We expect work to provide us with a sense of identity and a means to secure our future. And because we13so much time in our working lives, we like to reward ourselves with material things. Frequently, we spend our money before it’s earned.14is an annoying worry, keeping us15to the work treadmill (跑步机).
The same professor suggested we16a Buddhist concept -- to enjoy each moment and activity for its own sake,17try to do lots of things at once. Since then I have been18the art of “living in the moment” whenever I get the chance. I have cleared my schedule of nonessential tasks,19house and garden plans, and turned down some extra work.
It is my mother’s illness, a once-in-a-lifetime event, that sets me20on the fact that we forget that time is a limited resource.

1. 1.
   1. A.
      duty
   2. B.
      guilt
   3. C.
      sorrow
   4. D.
      sympathy
2. 2.
   1. A.
      live
   2. B.
      be
   3. C.
      chat
   4. D.
      go
3. 3.
   1. A.
      concern
   2. B.
      challenge
   3. C.
      chance
   4. D.
      trouble
4. 4.
   1. A.
      demanding
   2. B.
      critical
   3. C.
      boring
   4. D.
      amazing
5. 5.
   1. A.
      almost
   2. B.
      seldom
   3. C.
      never
   4. D.
      often
6. 6.
   1. A.
      better
   2. B.
      worse
   3. C.
      less
   4. D.
      more
7. 7.
   1. A.
      tape-recorder
   2. B.
      washing machine
   3. C.
      air-conditioner
   4. D.
      television
8. 8.
   1. A.
      with
   2. B.
      for
   3. C.
      in
   4. D.
      to
9. 9.
   1. A.
      show off
   2. B.
      draw attention
   3. C.
      look forward
   4. D.
      get close
10. 10.
    1. A.
       angrily
    2. B.
       surprisingly
    3. C.
       jokingly
    4. D.
       seriously
11. 11.
    1. A.
       after
    2. B.
       when
    3. C.
       as
    4. D.
       before
12. 12.
    1. A.
       time
    2. B.
       entertainment
    3. C.
       work
    4. D.
       family
13. 13.
    1. A.
       invest
    2. B.
       contribute
    3. C.
       give
    4. D.
       devote
14. 14.
    1. A.
       Pressure
    2. B.
       Expense
    3. C.
       Life
    4. D.
       Debt
15. 15.
    1. A.
       led
    2. B.
       chained
    3. C.
       relied
    4. D.
       focused
16. 16.
    1. A.
       adopt
    2. B.
       advocate
    3. C.
       adapt
    4. D.
       acquire
17. 17.
    1. A.
       more than
    2. B.
       instead of
    3. C.
       rather than
    4. D.
       other than
18. 18.
    1. A.
       exercising
    2. B.
       practicing
    3. C.
       believing
    4. D.
       holding
19. 19.
    1. A.
       fixed
    2. B.
       conducted
    3. C.
       postponed
    4. D.
       made
20. 20.
    1. A.
       reflecting
    2. B.
       thinking
    3. C.
       considering
    4. D.
       wondering

Substances will expand or contract ______ heated or cooled, but this is not the case with water.

1. A.
   when they will be
2. B.
   if they will be
3. C.
   as they being
4. D.
   when