Language-learners who say they never or hardly ever use dictionaries often speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.

The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. So they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations (翻译) of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.

The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, or divide it into syllables (音节), they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check these in a dictionary.

1.Students who never use dictionary speak well but write poor, because_______

2.According to the passage, which of the following is right?

3.When does the writer advise students to use a good dictionary in reading?

4.This passage mainly tells us        .

5.Which is not mentioned in this passage?

Leadership is the art of getting someone to do something you want done because he wants to do it. People naturally want to follow a good leader. After meeting with an effective leader it is not unusual to feel uplifted(情绪高涨), inspired, and motivated to work towards a common goal.

An effective leader makes others feel good about themselves, as well as the work they are doing. The leader has a vision(幻想)of what he or she wants to achieve, and can communicate that vision to others in a way that makes people want to be part of it. One thing a good leader typically does is to communicate the big picture, so that each employee can see how the particular role he or she plays makes a contribution to the final result.

Good leaders are positive and optimistic when they speak about the future. Their enthusiasm wins them plenty of supporters who help make their vision a reality.

Good leaders also understand that different people are motivated by different things. For employees motivated by a need for achievement, a leader explains how the task offers an opportunity to take on a challenge with an achievable goal. And employees are motivated by hearing how they will be part of a team of people working together.

Good leaders will introduce employees by name first, rather than job titles. They refer to employees as team members, companions, or colleagues, never as “servants”. Words have power, including the power to make people feel whether or not they are important to the success of an organization.

Good leaders believe that every team member matters and set up environments that make everyone feel important. It is no wonder they can attract the support they need to help them achieve their goals.

1.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A．To tell us how to be a good leader at work.

B．To describe the proper relationship between leaders and employees.

C．To inform us of how leaders and employees should communicate.

D．To show the optimism of a leader.

2.What is the most important to be a good leader?

A．A good leader learns art very well.

B．A good leader can promote employees.

C．A good leader can satisfy all his or her employees.

D．A good leader can make employees happy and willing in their work.

3.What should a good leader do for an employee who wants to succeed at work?

A．To promote the employee to a leadership role.

B．To draw a beautiful picture of the employee’s future.

C．To encourage the employee to meet the challenges of his work.

D．To let the staff know the important role the employee plays.

4.We can infer from the passage that_________.

A．a good leader is always good at creating comfortable working conditions

B．the support of employees is necessary for a leader to reach his goal

C．names are much easier to remember than job titles

D．the motivation of the employees all comes from the leader

One morning in Philadelphia, the sun shone bright through all the thick jungles and the tall churches. John, 6, wearing the worn-out clothes, walked from a far place, his dark small hands holding a piece of stolen bread.
John stopped for a moment at the entrance to the church and then left tightly holding the bread,      
He was an orphan(孤儿), whose parents were killed in World War II leaving him alone in the orphanage for five years, Like many children in the house, he had a lot of free time. Mostly no one took care of them, so they had to learn how to steal those they wanted.             
John believed God to be real, so every Sunday morning in any case he would go to the church to have a look and listen to those people singing inside or reading the Bible. He felt only at this moment he was the child of God and so close to God. But he couldn’t enter because his clothes were so dirty. John himself knew it.
John was quietly calculating the times. This was his 45th Sunday at the entrance to the church. He stood on tiptoe（踮着脚尖） for a while and walked away.
As time passed, the pastor(牧师) noticed John and learned from others that he was the small boy who liked stealing things in the orphanages.
On the 46th Sunday, the sun was shining and John came still holding a piece of bread with his dark small hands. When he just stood there, the pastor came out. He felt like running away, but he was carried by the pastor's friendly smile.
The pastor walked up to his side, clearly seeing John's small hands shaking.
"Are you John?"
John didn't answer, but looked at the pastor and nodded.
"Do you believe in God?" the pastor patted John on his head with dust.
"Yes, I do!" This time John told him loudly.
"So you believe in yourself?"
John looked at the pastor, without a word.
The pastor went on saying, "At the first sight of you, I find you're different from other kids because you have a good heart."
His face turning red, John said nervously, "In fact, I'm a thief." With that, he lowered his head.
The pastor didn't speak, but held John's dark small hands, slowly opened them and put them against his wrinkled face.
"Ah" Just at the same time, John shouted and was about to take out his dark small hands. Yet the pastor tightly held his small hands and spread them out in the sun.
"Do you see, John?"
"What?"
"You're cupping the sunshine in your hands."
John blankly looked at his hands: when did they become so beautiful?
"In God's eyes, all children are the same. When they are willing to spread out their hands to greet the sun, the sun will naturally shine on them. And you have two things more than they do. First is courage and the second is kindness." With that, the pastor led him into the church. It was the first time that John went into this sacred place, and at this moment he didn't feel inferior, but the unspeakable warmth.
On that morning greeting the sunshine, John found himself again, along with the confidence, satisfaction, happiness, dreams he had never had.
Twenty years have passed. Now the boy who ever tightly held the bread with his dirt hands has been the most famous cook in Philadelphia and made many popular dishes.
Every Sunday morning, he would personally send the bread he baked to the orphanage. Those children who greeted him with cheers were used to consciously spreading their palms before they got the bread.
Because they all knew when we are willing to spread out our hands to greet the sunshine, the sun will naturally shine on us.
【小题1】The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph is ______________

Too many people want to be their friends, but they don’t give friendship back. That is why some friendship doesn’t last long. To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous; be understanding.
Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you do not tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest, you may lose friend’s trust. Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly.
Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feeling. These can be very valuable to a friend. They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them, you help your friend know better.
Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and helping with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so you can understand the problem better.
No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friends, you must practice honesty, generosity, and understanding.
【小题1】Some friendships don’t last very long because ________.

The power of encouragement is great. You may draw some inspiration from the following story.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a famous 19th­century poet and artist, was once  26  by an elderly man. The old man had some sketches (素描) and drawings that he  27  　Rossetti to look at them and tell him if they were any good, or  28  they at least showed potential(潜在的)talent.

Rossetti looked them  29  carefully. After the first few, he knew that they were worthless, showing not the least sign of artistic talent. But Rossetti was a  30  man, and he told the elderly  31  as gently as possible that the pictures were of little value and showed little talent. He was sorry,  32  he could not　33  to the man.

The visitor was  34  , but seemed to expect Rossetti’s  35   .He then apologized for  36  Rossetti’s time, but would he just  37  a few more drawings—these done by a(n)  38  art student？Rossetti looked over the  39  batch (一批) of sketches and immediately became  40  over the talent they revealed(显示；透露) .“These,” he said,“Oh, these are good. This young student has great talent. He should be  41  every help and encouragement in his career as an artist. He has a hopeful future if he will work and stick to it.”

Rossetti could see that the old man was  42  moved.“Who is this fine young   artist？” he asked.“Your son？” “No,” said the old man sadly.“It was I  43  painted the pictures forty years ago.  44  I had heard your praise then！For you see, I got discouraged and 45  drawing—too soon.”

1.                A．expected       B．wished         C．visited    D．requested

2.                A．wanted         B．made          C．had  D．hoped

3.                A．why           B．which          C．that  D．whether

4.                A．up            B．over           C．on   D．down

5.                A．rude           B．talented        C．kind D．creative

6.                A．woman         B．man           C．artist D．poet

7.                A．but            B．and            C．or   D．otherwise

8.                A．speak          B．apologize       C．lie   D．listen

9.                A．annoyed        B．disappointed     C．delighted D．puzzled

10.               A．achievement    B．adjustment      C．judgment  D．statement

11.               A．turning up      B．making up       C．taking up  D．looking up

12.               A．look at         B．glare at         C．aim at D．stare at

13.               A．pretty          B．famouse        C．young D．talented

14.               A．first           B．second         C．third  D．last

15.               A．enthusiastic     B．sad            C．angry D．bad

16.               A．made          B．learnt          C．taught D．given

17.               A．slightly         B．deeply         C．barely D．smoothly

18.               A．what           B．which          C．whom D．who

19.               A．Only if         B．If only          C．If so  D．If any

20.               A．insisted on      B．led to          C．headed to D．gave up