It is true that mobile phones have made daily communication more convenient but people are also bot——青夏教育精英家教网—

摘要： It is true that mobile phones have made daily communication more convenient but people are also bothered or even annoyed by endless junk from unknown sources. . A. information B. texts C. messages D. documents

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Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr Jarvik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins (双胞胎), who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline (衰弱) as was expected.

　　However, there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to finish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual (智力的) ability over the years. In general, Dr Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s, but with those in their 60s and 70s as well.

　　It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call “loss of memory” is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a speed. In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to get worse, it is not necessarily a sign of decline due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a sad emotional state.

1. This passage is mainly about _______.

A. what caused mental decline

B. a new discovery about mental decline

C. the difference between middle-aged and older persons

D. how Dr Jarvik studied mental functioning of the twins

2.The word “psychiatry” in paragraph 1 most probably means _______.

A. the study of diseases of the mind

B. the study of physical diseases

C. the study of twins’ growth

D. the study of human behavior

3.More often than not, what we call mental decline is actually a sign of _______.

A. a worsening state of health B. old age

C. nervous tension D. a state of unhappiness

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents．They say that their parents don't understand them．They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, that they are too serious and too strict with their children, and they seldom give their children a free hand．

　　It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children's trust and they tend to forget how they themselves felt when young．For example, young people like to act on the spot without much thinking．It is one of their ways to show that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation．Older people worry more easily．Most of them plan things ahead and do not like their plans to be upset by something unexpected．When you want your parents to let you do something, you will have better success if you ask before you really start doing it．

　　Young people often make their parents angry with their choice in clothes, in entertainment and in music．But they do not mean to cause any trouble：it is just that they feel cut off from the older people's world, into which they have not yet been accepted．That's why young people want to make a new culture of their own, and if their parents do not like their music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech, this will make the young people extremely happy．

　　Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say, “ Yes” to what you do．All you want is to be felt alone and do what you like．It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, when you were completely under your parents’ control．If you plan to control your life, you'd better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you．If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do．

(1)

According to the passage, young people prefer to ________．
[　　]
A．	ask for advice before they really start to do anything．
B．	do things without thinking carefully ahead．
C．	think in the same way as their parents do．
D．	be very strict with themselves

(2)

Young people like to have clothes, entertainment and music in their way, because ________．
[　　]
A．	they want to make their parents happy．
B．	they try to get their parents to believe them．
C．	they want to test whether they are cleverer than old people．
D．	they want to try on something new and look different from the older．

(3)

According to the passage, young people want to make a new culture of their own, because ________．
[　　]
A．	they want to show they have grown up．
B．	they do not want to get into trouble．
C．	they feel they are as clever as old people．
D．	they don't feel they belong to the world of the older people．

(4)

If a young man intends to control his own life, it's better for him to ________．
[　　]
A．	hold himself responsible for everything he does．
B．	do everything the way his parents do．
C．	do everything beyond his parents’ control．
D．	do everything according to his own wish．

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阅读理解

　　Even today, a man with good manners will politely open the door for a lady, help her put on her coat when necessary and see her safely to the door of her home after a date．

　　When a man takes a woman out for dinner, it is considered polite to help her with her chair when she gets up or sits down．On a crowded train or bus, it is altogether proper for a man to offer a woman his seat, especially if she is old or carries a baby．

　　Even when it comes to shaking hands, ladies come first．It is considered impolite for a man to extend(伸手)his hand to a woman for a handshake upon first greeting．This remains the woman’s choice．If a woman does not extend her hand to the man first, then the man shouldn’t offer his．

　　Not only do ladies come first, but if a lady is the wife of the president, she is called the “First Lady”．Women continue to break new “first” categories(目录)by entering into fields of social service which were once considered only for men．America has had a first woman Secretary of State in the person of Madeline Albright and a “first” woman president may not be far off in the future．

　　It is true that the Women’s Liberation Movement has put women on an equal footing with men in jobs and career opportunities．It is also true that many women today prefer to be treated the same as men in every way．Yet, with their new freedom and social equality, no woman seems to be against the rule of “ladies first”．

(1)

What might be discussed before the first paragraph?
[　　]
A．	How an impolite man behaves before a lady．
B．	How a lady was treated in the past．
C．	How a man invited a lady for dinner before．
D．	How women became leaders in the past．

(2)

Which of the following is considered rude for a man according to this passage?
[　　]
A．	To take a woman out for dinner．
B．	To help a lady with her chair in a restaurant．
C．	To offer his seat to a lady on a crowded train or bus．
D．	To offer his hand first when shaking lands with a lady．

(3)

The underlined word “footing” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “__________”．
[　　]
A．	right
B．	chance
C．	position
D．	feet

(4)

What can you infer from Paragraph 4?
[　　]
A．	There’s no woman president in the USA now．
B．	The president’s wife always comes first in the USA．
C．	Madeline Albright is a secretary of an American company．
D．	Women will work in the fields of social service in stead of men．

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阅读理解

　　Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants (污染物). The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment (环境) and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults (成人), lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

　　It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not enforced strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines (罚款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility (责任) does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely (严厉地) punished or even put out of business.

1．Why don't developing countries have strict pollution controls?

[　　]

A．The new industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution.

B．Pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries.

C．They don't realize the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants.

D．If they put stricter controls on industry, fewer companies would build new plant in developing countries.

2．What is the author's purpose in naming Cubatao?

[　　]

A．To show that industry can develop very fast in developing countries.

B．To show that the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious.

C．To show that industrial growth can cause serious pollution problems in developing countries.

D．To show that pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil.

3．How is the health of the population of Cubatao?

[　　]

A．There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.

B．More people suffer from lung diseases because of poisonous matter.

C．Their health is affected by pollutants the same way as that of other Brazilians.

D．Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places.

4．Why do some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil?

[　　]

A．The investment (投资) environment in Brazil is suitable for them.

B．They will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil.

C．They can make much money because they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much.

D．They can act in an irresponsible (不负责任的) way in Brazil because there are no pollution laws there.

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　　Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America. It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on industries that cause pollution. Cubatao, an industrial town of 85,000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it had more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants. The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matters in their surroundings, and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and grown-ups, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

　　It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, had laws against pollution, but these laws are not carried out strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important top the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility does not completely lie in the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the US. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

(1) Developing countries don't have strict pollution controls because ________.

[　　]

A．the new industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution

B．pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries

C．they don't realize that the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants

D．if they put stricter controls on industries, fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries.

(2) The author's purpose in naming Cubatao is to show that ________.

[　　]

A．industry can develop very fast in developing countries

B．the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious

C．industries growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries

D．pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil

(3) How is the health of the population of Cubatao?

[　　]

A．There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.

B．More people suffer from lung disease because of poisonous matters.

C．Their health is affected by pollutants the way as that of other Brazilians.

D．Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places.

(4) Some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil because they ________.

[　　]

A．think Brazil is suitable for them to invest in Brazil

B．will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil

C．can make much money and they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much

D．can act in an irresponsible way in Brazil where there are no pollution laws

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