摘要：主动形式表被动意义 (1). 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep+形容词/名词构成系表结构. Eg. The steel feels cold. His plan proved practical. It has gone bad. (2). 表示开始,结束,运动的动词.如: begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, moved Eg. Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. (3).表示主语的某种属性特征的动词. 如: read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink.这类动词一般不单独使用,常有一个修饰语. Eg . This coat dries easily. Nylon clean easily. The door won’t lock. Food can keep fresh in a fridge. Your speech reads well. This material has worn thin. His book does not sell well. Your pen writes smoothly. The match won’t catch. The plan worked out wonderfully. The recorder won’t play. The engine won’t start. This knife cuts well. The cloth washes well. (4). 少数动词用于进行时,其主动形式表示被动含义.如: print, cook, fry, hang, build, make. Eg. The books are printing. The meat is cooking. (5). 介词in, on, under等+ 名词短语表示被动意义. 表方位的介词于含动作意义的名词合用,含被动意义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词. 常见的有:under control; under treatment; under repair; under discussion; under construction; beyond belief; beyond one’s reach; beyond one’s control; beyond our hope; for sale; for rent; in print; in sight; on sale; on show; on trial; out control; out sight; out of one’s reach; out of fashion. Eg. The building is under construction. The rumor is beyond belief. His honest character is above all praise. That house is for sale. The book is not yet in print. Today some treasures are not on show in the museum. The plane was out of control. He took two days off within the teacher’s permission. (6). 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或及物动词短语: Fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to Eg. This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

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