In America, seldom do you go anywhere without hearing a principle called WIN-WIN．It sounds strange to me at first because throughout my childhood, I have always been taught to try everything possible to win an upper-hand, rather than to help other people win．However, as time goes by, I have gradually comprehended the essence（真谛）of WIN-WIN principle it is the attitude of seeking mutual benefit．

When I was little, I used to play Chinese checkers（跳棋）which include two basic tactics（战术）: One is to create paths for yourself; the other is to block the passages of your rival．Players may apply these two totally different approaches in the game, but the key for the player to win is to continuously create paths for him even if his opponent may take advantage of it．Finally he can always reach the destination（目的地）a few steps ahead of the other player．Meanwhile, some player may take another approach to prevent his opponent from moving forward at all costs．By this he may get a short-term benefit, but couldn’t fix attention on the final goal, thus he would never truly develop further．

In the 1990s, a strategy called WIN-WIN became widespread in the western world．Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser．One example of applying the WIN-WIN principle is the voluntary system in US．Most Americans advocate（提倡）the spirit of social service and voluntary contribution．In US, schools and children organizations usually encourage and support kids to be engaged in community service so that the voluntary spirit can be enrooted in their minds from childhood．Moreover, a crucial（决定性的）standard for universities to judge new students is whether they have worked for the community or not．

1．The purpose of the author in writing the passage is __________．

       A．to tell us the cultural differences between China and USA．

       B．to tell us the different educational systems both in US and China．

       C．to tell us the importance and meaning of WIN-WIN．

       D．to show that WIN-WIN is popular in US and China．

2．Which of the following can be the best example of carrying out the Win-Win principles?

       A．Volunteers     B．Chinese checkers  C．Service workers D．Children

3．What is the author’s attitude towards Win-Win?

       A．criticism                                       B．encouragement

       C．disagreement                                   D．doubt

4．Which of the following statements in NOT true for WIN-WIN principle?

       A．to take others’ interests seriously      B．to learn something useful for our life  

       C．to gain mutual benefit              D．to try to get some benefits from others

5．The underlined words “at all costs” in the second paragraph means “_______” in Chinese．                                      

       A．代价高                                          B．不惜任何代价     

       C．完全失败                                       D．以全部费用