Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they   36  . Yet, all living things still show the   37   of aging, which will eventually   38   death.

Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity (成熟期), the cells of the body and the  39  they form do not function as well as they   40   in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less   41   against disease and is more   42   to have accident.

A number of related causes may   43   aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not   44   when they die. As a person ages,   45   of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.   46   body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the   47  cells may not be as workable or as capable   48   growth as those of a young person.

Another   49   in aging may be changes within the cells   50   . Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known   51   with age and become less elastic (有弹性的). This is why the skin of old people wrinkles (皱纹) and   52  . This is also the reason why old people   53   in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and   54   information that the cells need． Aging may affect this  55  and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.

36. A．would          B．be used to C．used to     D． used

37. A．function          B．effect         C．affect         D． sign

38. A．lead in           B．give in         C．run into     D． result in

39. A．hands           B．feet C．heart        D． organs

40. A．do             B．has done          C．did           D． had done

41. A．energy         B．protection      C．vigor             D． power

42. A．likely             B．probable         C．possible    D． alike

43. A．attend to        B．contribute to  C．add to     D． devote to

44. A．replaced        B．reborn   C．recovered      D． surrendered

45. A．a number        B．the amount   C．the number   D． a great deal

46. A．The others              B．The other              C．Another         D． Other

47. A．old               B．left                C．new             D． other

48. A．to                 B．for      C．of                D． in

49. A．factor            B．effect              C．reason   D． element

50. A．for themselves          B．of themselves   C．themselves         D． on their own

51.   A．change            B．to have changed  C．to change          D． to be changed

52. A．hangs loose   B．hangs loosely     C．is hanging loosely D． is hanging loose

53. A．increase          B．shrink     C．lengthen         D． decrease

54. A．pass away      B．pass by            C．pass off           D． pass on

55. A．improvement           B．procession      C．approach       D． process

Since the beginning of history, man has been attracted by the idea of living forever, of winning the fight against death and disease. So far, this has only remained a dream. Many people have wondered whether it would be possible to find a way to preserve human bodies, and what would be the best way.

It has long been known that meat of fruit can be kept fresh for long periods by freezing; in ancient China, for example, food was stored with ice to keep it fresh. This method could also be useful for preserving humans.

However, most living beings that exist under warm conditions die when frozen. This is because of the harmful effects of freezing ice crystals(晶体), which not only are larger than the volume(体积) of the water originally in the cells, but also form sharp cutting shapes that harm the cells.

In the 1940s Dr B.J. Luyet and a group of scientists in England were working on the problem of freezing cells without damaging them. Since the harm caused by ice crystals was the main cause of damage, Luyet suggested removing some or all of the water from the cells before freezing them.

Using living cells form chicken, Luyet and his assistants discovered that they could partly dry the chicken cells, using a mixture of the white part of an egg and glycerin (丙三醇). Some success was obtained. The chicken cells were dried, frozen for a period of time, and then carefully unfrozen. Almost all the cells recovered when they reached normal temperatures.

Since then, the cooling of whole animals to a temperature far below freezing point for later unfreezing has become more of a possibility, and the glycerin method would probably be used to accomplish this. When this can be done completely and successfully, science will have moved much closer to its aim of freezing and storing incurable patients until the day they can be cured.

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Easy but practical ways to remove water from living cells.

B．The possibility of preserving human bodies by freezing.

C．The practice of preserving food by freezing.

D．The harmful effects of freezing.

2.The idea of freezing human bodies to preserve them ______________.

A．has already been realized

B．was invented in ancient China

C．has its roots in the way of storing food

D．is widely accepted by the scientific world

3.According to the text, freezing _________________.

A．is harmful to living cells

B．is the best way of preserving food

C．reduces the volume of water in living cells

D．is a way of removing water from living cells

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．It is impossible to have whole animals frozen.

B．It remains unknown how to unfreeze frozen animals.

C．Freezing incurable patients for later treatment is still an idea.

D．The glycerin method has already been adopted to treat patients.

读写任务（满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered（改变）many physical features（特征）of the earth. He has transformed（完全改变） woodlands and prairies（大草原） into farms and made lakes and reservoirs（水库） out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power（发电站）. Man has also modified（修改） the face of the earth by draining marshes(排干沼泽) and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
However, man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial（有利的）results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside. The pollution of water is equally harmful. The whole ecological（生态的） balance of the sea is being changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Now environmental protection is more pressing than ever before. As we know, massive destruction（毁灭）of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat (威胁)to man's existence. Indifference to these problems will mean committing suicide. Therefore, effective measures should be taken and laws passed to conserve（保护） environment. Otherwise, man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences（后果）caused by this lack of care for his living surroundings.
[写作内容]  
以约30个词概括短文的要点；然后以约120个词就“如何保护地球环境”
这一主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
作业应正、反面纸都使用，不要浪费纸张；
尽可能不使用一次性物品，提倡循环使用；
应根据自己实际饭量买饭，避免剩饭剩菜造成浪费；
破旧衣服可以继续使用，既节约又不给环境增加污染源。
[写作要求]    可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读
材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
[评分标准]  概括准确、语言规范、内容合适，篇章连贯。

读写任务（满分25分）

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered（改变）many physical features（特征）of the earth. He has transformed（完全改变） woodlands and prairies（大草原） into farms and made lakes and reservoirs（水库） out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power（发电站）. Man has also modified（修改） the face of the earth by draining marshes(排干沼泽) and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.

    However, man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial（有利的）results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside. The pollution of water is equally harmful. The whole ecological（生态的） balance of the sea is being changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.

    Now environmental protection is more pressing than ever before. As we know, massive destruction（毁灭）of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat (威胁)to man's existence. Indifference to these problems will mean committing suicide. Therefore, effective measures should be taken and laws passed to conserve（保护） environment. Otherwise, man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences（后果）caused by this lack of care for his living surroundings.

[写作内容]  

以约30个词概括短文的要点；然后以约120个词就“如何保护地球环境”

这一主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：

 作业应正、反面纸都使用，不要浪费纸张；

 尽可能不使用一次性物品，提倡循环使用；

 应根据自己实际饭量买饭，避免剩饭剩菜造成浪费；

 破旧衣服可以继续使用，既节约又不给环境增加污染源。

[写作要求]     可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读

材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

[评分标准]  概括准确、语言规范、内容合适，篇章连贯。

Ray Travers sat back at the large desk, and looked around his plush（豪华的）office.  He was tired
Ray's eyes stopped at a painting on the wall.  It was a gift given by an old friend，Bull，as a farewell gift when he left his hometown  He recalled the life spent in that small town; pleasant times.  The many hours he spent talking to his good friend, and the tales he was told about hunting in the Africa of old.
Memories flowed back more than ten years;  he remembered how he enjoyed hearing about the wonderful hunting，and how he wished he could have shared those times.
Ray opened his desk drawer and brought out a wooden box. He opened the lid and exposed a work of art，a hand-made hunting knife.  This was a gift from Bull，given to Ray more than 20 years ago.  It was one of the first knives Bull had made, and Ray had called it "Zambezi"，the river where Bull had been so many times.
He closed the box and sat upright at his desk；he was driving himself hard, and deserved a break.  Things were going well with the business，everything running smoothly.  He could afford a week off！
He went back home.  A week in the hometown would be like going back in history. "Man, it's going to be good,”Ray said aloud，as he turned onto the highway and watched the city lights fast disappearing，as he looked in the rearview  mirror.  The powerful car going  its way through  the night,  headlights  piercing（穿透）the darkness.  Memories danced through the man's mind.  Memories of good times，when he knew what it was to relax, to talk，and to really visit.
Slowly entering town he looked around.  Ray sat in his car,  looking at the old building，smiling.  Inside it was almost as though it was the same people as 15 years ago.
【小题1】We learn from the text that __________.