C

What do consumers really want? That’s a question market researchers would love to answer. But since people don’t always say what they think, marketers would need direct access to consumers’ thoughts to get the truth.

    Now, in a way, that is possible. At the “Mind of the Market” laboratory at Harvard Business School, researchers are looking inside shoppers’ skulls to develop more effective advertisements and marketing styles. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various parts of the brain, the Harvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react to particular products and to discover the most effective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. “The goal is not to influence people’s preferences,” says Kosslyn, “just to speak to their actual desires."

    The group’s findings, though still preliminary (初步的), could change how firms develop and market new products. The Harvard group use position emission tomography (PET) scans to monitor the brain activity. These PET scans, along with other imaging techniques, enable researchers to see which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks(such as remembering a word).Correlations (相互关系) have been found between blood flow to specific areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvard researchers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an unpublished paper the group produced, “It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether people will remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they tend to want those materials months later.”

The Harvard group is now moving into the next stage of experiments. They will explore how people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to a product after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key areas of the brain are identified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough to draw conclusions about the reactions of specific sections of the population. Large corporations-including Coca Cola, Eastman Kodak, General Motors, and Hallmark-have already signed up to fund further investigations.

    For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments but cannot control them．If Kosslyn and Zahman and their team really can read the mind of the market, then consumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles-out of heir heads.

66. Which of the following statements can be the best title for this passage?

A. Reading the Mind of the Market.    

B. Influencing the Customers’ Choice.

C. Influencing the Style of Advertising.      

D. Experimenting with the Way to Foretell

67. Why do the Harvard researchers use scientific technology in the experiments?

A. Because they want to find a better way to persuade people into purchasing patterns in the future in the different market.

B. Because they don’t trust the findings already done by other researchers.

C. Because they want to see how particular products can influence consumers and find out the most effective ways to advertise.

D.Because they think the marketing strategies can actually be changed after the experiments.

68. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. People sometimes hide their true feelings when questioned by the marketing surveyors.

B. Stephen Kosslyn and Gerald Zaltman are in charge of the experiment and think ill of the study.

C. Harvard researchers have found some relation between people’s brain and future behavior.

D. Many large companies finance the Harvard group’s further investigations.

69. What does “to speak to” in the 2nd paragraph mean?

   A. To communicate with. B. To say to.     C. To talk to.      D. To respond to.

70. The last sentence of the passage implies that ___________.

A. it is very likely that customers will buy unnecessary things just depending on the ads in the future.

B. in fact, the real purpose of Harvard group’s research is to attract more consumers into the market.

C. Coca Cola or the General Motors can exploit the findings of the experiments in their own marketing.

D. Consumers may find it more difficult to get out of the advertising jungle and it may cause them headaches.

If your recurring(经常性的)dreams are worrying you，you can rest assured and needn’t worry.Psychologists say in the vast majority of these cases，this is just the mind’s way of dealing with stress and conflicts，problems and concerns.It’s a good thing.
They call be surprisingly vivid and real，or fragmented and weird.They can be comforting or frightening.Our dreams can tell us a lot about what we are really thinking.Dreams give us an x-ray of our unconsciousness(潜意识).They tell us，particularly when we are at life’s passages or turning points.
Lisa Oppenheim had the same dream whenever she was about to move to a new home or a new city.It’s always just a feeling of needing to stay safe.Experts say disturbing dreams often occur around major life events.For Lisa，it was moving.For others，it can be marriage or divorce，the death of a loved one or pressure at work.
Doctor Siegel has studied the meaning of dream for nearly 30 years.He believes stressful or upsetting dreams can be a sign of what’s buried deep inside our minds.
He said.“Dreams are important to survival.They are crucial to the balance of our psyche(心灵).They help us work out problems that we’re having every single day.They go to the cutting edge of what’s stressful，what’s bothering us and what we’re working out in our lives.Dreams can guide us and in order to find that guidance，to find that deep source of wisdom that’s in our dreams every night，we need to pay attention to our dreams.”
But many dreams are scary and horrible.How can we understand these nightmares? Doctor Siegel says they are reflecting especially intense emotion or unresolved conflict.The stronger the emotion in the dream，whether it’s pleasure or fear，the likelier the dream is to be important.
Knowing what your recurring dreams or nightmares mean can be liberating.Some nightmares can be a sign of serious psychological problems，such as post-dramatic stress disorder.If they are extremely disturbing or violent or the cause of severe anxiety，you should see a professional therapist(治疗专家).

1. 1.

   By saying “Dreams give US an x-ray of our unconsciousness,”  the author means that dreams

   1. A.
      do harm to our mind
   2. B.
      show us our real mind
   3. C.
      solve our stress in mind
   4. D.
      give us a turning point in mind
2. 2.

   People will have recurring dreams when they_______________.

   1. A.
      1ive with great pressure or have great events
   2. B.
      do the same things all their lives
   3. C.
      move to a new home or a new city
   4. D.
      are comforted or frightened
3. 3.

   Which of the following is true according to Doctor Siegel?

   1. A.
      Dreams play a very important role in the world’s balance.
   2. B.
      Dreams help us find out the problems we need to solve.
   3. C.
      We should pay attention to every dream we have.
   4. D.
      Only the dreams with pleasure are important to us.
4. 4.

   How should we deal with the recurring nightmares?

   1. A.
      We should remember them because they are important to us.
   2. B.
      We can ignore them since they are just reflecting our emotions.
   3. C.
      We need to take some sleeping pills to stop this serious problem.
   4. D.
      We should see a psychological doctor if they are seriously disturbing
5. 5.

   The purpose of the passage is_________________.

   1. A.
      to introduce a variety of dreams
   2. B.
      to offer some advice on avoiding nightmares
   3. C.
      to compare recurring dreams with nightmares
   4. D.
      to ease our anxiety on recurring dreams

A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.

The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset as well as others’. The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to.

Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointments is a sign of disrespect towards others. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. Usually this will be regarded as a great disrespect to the host and all other guests present.

Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to doing one’s duty, whether public or private. Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men. 

12. What is an unpunctual person like?

A. He always does a thing when it should be done.  B. He is always very busy.

C. He always does a thing at the wrong time.    D. He always keeps the appointments.

13. Why is unpunctuality very harmful?  

A. Because it makes a man lose many chances of doing important affairs.

B. Because it makes a man lose friends.

C. Because it makes a man work quickly.

D. Because it makes a man be more respected by others.

14. According to the passage, which is right?

A. The punctual person has no much work to do.

B. The unpunctual person is very rich

C. The unpunctual person is often respected by his friends.

D. The unpunctual person loses what can’t be regained again.

15. According to the passage, what are good manners when you are invited to a party?

A. Arriving at the appointed time.   B. Arriving before all other guests.

C. Arriving after all other guests.    D. Keeping all other guests waiting.

16. Why is a person always unpunctual?

A. He is too busy.                      B. He has too much work to do.

C. He does care much about time.         D. He doesn’t manage his time properly.

A week ago, I had the great pleasure of reading an e-book, When Money Talks, Listen! By Rich Ezzo．It took only about an hour to read.

   When I first received a copy, I thought it was a Get Rich Quick type of publication．Nothing is wrong with Get Rich Quick, but my mind just doesn’t chase after dreams of wealth．I think that if God ever wants me to be rich, he knows where to find my purse.

   When I began reading When Money Talks, Listen!, I was overjoyed to find that Rich Ezzo isn’t money hungry either．He, too, is hungry far more important than money．

Since I love this e-book so much, why wait a week to write the review? Simple．I wanted to see if the effect it had on me was a keeper．After reading the last word of the e-book, I totally agreed with the subtitle which promised to forever change the way we thought about money．I had so many thoughts running around my mind that I had to install(安装) a stoplight to stop some while others made their way into the picture, then I yielded(让路) them as a few ones arrived in town．I had a mental traffic jam, which only goes to show how slow the traffic usually is．

   It has been a week and the effect is the same．I truly do look at money differently and have even done a few things differently this week．This is an e-book you’ll want to read, I promise．I often recommend books to my daughter, and this is one that I didn’t just “suggest”---I left it open at the bottom of the computer and told each one, “Read it, you’ll love it.”

   I would never point someone in a direction I wouldn’t go myself．I urge you to visit the author’s website, Myster Money, and to download the e-book．You won’t regret it.

The author wrote this passage to _________　

       A．strongly recommend an e-book.

　    B．show the author's attitude to money.

　    C．introduce the general idea of an e-book.

　    D．point out Rich Ezzo isn't money hungry.

According to the passage, a Get Rich Quick type of publication ______.

       A．is what the author really cares for

       B．deals with how to make money

       C．is also an e-book written by Rich Ezzo

       D．is more popular than e-books

The author didn't write the review as soon as he finished reading the book because________．

　    A．he was too excited to write anything

　    B．he was not sure whether he did well

　    C．he had to wait for Rich Ezzo's permission

　    D．he wondered if the book would have long influence on him

By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4, the author probably __________.

　    A．shows that the book brought him many new thoughts

　    B．shows how bad the traffic is in town

　    C．describes the difficulty in understanding the book

　    D．explains it's hard to change one's attitude to money

Which of the following is supported by the passage?

      A．The author had known Rich Ezzo before.

　    B．The author hasn't dreamed of getting rich immediately.

　    C．The author always prefers e-books to paper books.

　    D．The author likes Get Rich Quick-type of publications.

If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language,you will get answers like “Shakespeare”,“Samuel Johnson”and“Webster”,but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn't even speak English—William the Conqueror.

Before 1066,in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.In the west?central region lived the Welsh,who spoke a Celtic language,and in the north lived the Scots,whose language,though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic.In the rest of the country lived the Saxons,actually a mixture of Anglos,Saxons,and other Germanic and Nordic peoples,who spoke what we now call Anglo?Saxon(or Old English),a Germanic language.If this state of affairs had lasted,English today would be close to German.

But this state of affairs did not last.In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England.For about a century,French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result,English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German.In some cases,modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper class  French and lower?class Anglo?Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods,meat in particular,depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming,while the upper?class Normans were doing most of the eating.

When Americans visit Europe for the first time,they usually find Germany more“foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man's ambition.

1.The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066 were_________.

A.Welsh and Scottish         B.Nordic and Germanic

C.Celtic and Old English      D.Anglo Saxon and Germanic 

2.Which of the following groups of words are,by inference,rooted in French?

A.president,lawyer,beef      B.president,bread,water

C.bread,field,sheep          D.folk,field,cow 

3.Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit to Europe?

A.Most advertisements in France appear in English.

B.They know little of the history of the English language.

C.Many French words are similar to English ones.

D.They know French better than German. 

4.What is the subject discussed in the text?

A. The history of Great Britain.

B. The similarity between English and French.

C. The rule of England by William the Conqueror.

D. The French influences on the English language.