Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees (黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own. Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently.
The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild non­human species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal’s choice of playthings.
The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks. Doll play among humans could have its origins in object—carrying by earlier apes (猿类), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization.
“In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children’s toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures,” says Kahlenberg. “While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.”
In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg and Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stick­carrying. Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick. “We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls,” says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard. “If the doll hypothesis (假设) was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child. We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.”
【小题1】What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?

It is reasonable to say that every teenager can be affected by peer pressure(从众心理) at some point. Every day, in any high school, peer pressure has a major influence over the behavior of teenagers. It can be as subtle(微妙的) as being persuaded to be late for class or as extreme as a dangerous drug. Whether subtle or extreme, peer pressure can have damaging, some-times life changing, and even serious results.

“Teens don’t often consider the long-term results that some behavior can cause,” said Terri Price, a researcher. “Peer pressure can be very difficult to handle for many teens because of their fears of not fitting in.” Peer pressure has always been part of teen life, but teens experience it differently than former generations did in the past. Sources of peer pressure have increased because of the Internet and other electronic communications.

Recognizing peer pressure can be as simple as noticing that you have been asked to do something that you are not comfortable with. “Listen to your instinct(直觉), which is a sign for whether something is right or wrong. If it feels wrong, then most likely it is.” Says Price. w w w.k s 5 u.c o m

Teens are in a time of life when they are still discovering who they are. Many teens are influenced by peer pressure because of their insecurities. This can make them helpless especially when their selfcontrol is weak or they lack healthy support, causing them to take risky behavior or turn to unhealthy support.

Dealing with peer pressure is a topic of concern for teens. People can say, “Just say no,” but the truth is that the statement is easier said than done.

The underlined word “it” Paragraph 2 refers to_____. k#s5_u.c o*m

A．the Internet          B．teen life   

C．peer pressure        D．the fear of not fitting in

Why are teens easily influenced by peer pressure?

A．Because they don’t have the feeling of safety.

B．Because they have no sense of danger.

C．Because they need support for their health.

D．Because they have nobody to turn to when in trouble.

You can know whether a teen suffers peer pressure by watching ______.w_w w. k#s5_u.c

A．whether he often surfs the Internet   

B．whether he can get security

C．whether it is subtle or extreme      

D．whether he feels comfortable with it

According to the passage, we can know that dealing with peer pressure is______.

A．easy         B．hard          C．a new topic       D．an impossible task

单词拼写：用所学的单词完成句子意思，单词首字母或中文意思已给出（10分）。
【小题1】F_________ is the mother of success.
【小题2】They are w_________ to each other; obviously they don’t want to be heard by others.
【小题3】It has been reported that in the United States that many environment— protecting              (协会) have been formed.
【小题4】The doctor d_________ three babies every day on average at that time
【小题5】China’s sending a person into space is a great a_____________.
【小题6】The bar seemed to him to be full of people and he felt that the people were observing him                .(好奇地)
【小题7】If you want to learn a foreign language well, you should o__________ many difficulties.
【小题8】You can e___________ your ideas with your classmates when you’re discussing.
【小题9】They go into the church,            (打招呼) everyone they meet.
【小题10】I was filled with              (怒火) when I saw him kicking the dog.

IV. Reading(30)

A

Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subject -- and studied the brain—say that they are. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientist, and four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjects and to music.

Black, white and Asian children in this group show the same patterns. However, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly underrepresented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering.

If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this great discrepancy? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians.

It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelled popular music rather than classical music, piano rather than violin, blues rather than opera. This is readily understandable, given that most blacks, for most of American history, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music.

Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They have played a large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modern. A long string of names comes to mind—W.C. Handy, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker…and so on.

None of this presupposes(假设，意味着) any special innate（先天的）ability of blacks in music. On the contrary, it is perfectly consistent with blacks having no more such inborn ability than anyone else, but being limited to being able to express such ability in narrower channels than others who have had the money, the time and the formal education to spread out over a wider range of music, as well as into mathematics, science and engineering.

36. what is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A.    Mathematical ability and musical ability are connected.

B.    Mathematical ability has more to do with the brain than musical ability.

C.    More people are good at music than math.

D.    More research should be done into the relationship between mathematical ability and math ability.

37. The word “discrepancy” (Para. 3) most probably means ____.

A. difference  B. excellence  C. inborn ability     D. inability

(38. What can be inferred about opera?

A.    It requires formal training.

B.    It is often enjoyed by those with strong analytical ability.

C.    It is disliked by blacks.

D.    It is more difficult to learn than classical music.

39. Which of the following statements is true according to the last paragraph?

A.    Blacks have special innate ability in music.

B.    Unlike others, blacks do not have innate ability in music.

C.    Jazz is one of the narrow channels through which blacks express their ability in music.

D.    Those who have money and time choose mathematics over music.

40. which of the following questions does the passage mainly concern?

A.    Are musical ability and mathematical ability connected?

B.    Why have blacks been greatly over represented in the development of American popular misic?

C.    What kinds of music require formal training?

D.    What are the contributions made by black musicians?

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Our area was just a few miles from the largest wildfire in Colorado’s history. We were on “evacuation alert (疏散警报)”. If we got the  36  to evacuate, we would have to leave immediately.

We  37 suitcases with some clothes and set them by the door. We didn’t 38  these things were valuable, but time was. We moved the computers, with which I wrote for newspapers and made a  39 . We took family pictures off the  40  and packed them in boxes. w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m

Then we took a hard look at all that  41 . There was a lamp that belonged to my great grandmother. It was a  42  to my family. And there was the piano my wife Bev  43  to play when she was a little girl. Not of great  44  in itself, but another family connection.

The thought of  45  something passed down from our families saddened me deeply, 46  I’d never been much attached to things. It’s about what they  47  －family and love. They each had a(n)  48  to tell, and some of them spoke in the  49  of our parents and grandparents. w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m

The fire  50  reached our home. We were lucky. And though I felt grateful that all was 51 , I also realized just how fortunate I had been  52  . I saw just how rich my life had been. Someone  53  said, “There are people so poor that the only thing they have is money.” And now I  54 . I was indeed rich. I was rich in family, rich in memories, rich in everything that really  55 .

I wonder if there is any other kind of wealth worth seeking.

A．answer        B．call       C．chance          D．task

A．sold           B．bought    C．searched         D．packed w

A．worry   B．care        C．think       D．doubt

A．mark    B．living      C．sign        D．plan

A．walls    B．ceilings  C．windows        D．albums

A．left      B．burnt      C．remained        D．unmoved

A．present        B．connection     C．symbol          D．treasure

A．learned       B．agreed   C．forgot     D．refused

A．quality        B．taste        C．value      D．sense

A．knocking out      B．picking out     C．giving away    D．leaving behind w 5 m

A．but     B．unless     C．even though          D．or

A．contained         B．included   C．represented   D．gathered

A．idea         B．lie          C．right       D．story

A．sounds    B．voices   C．speeds   D．feelings

A．never        B．once       C．seldom          D．finally

A．returned   B．spared     C．stopped         D．found

A．in another way         B．in return         C．at last      D．at most

A．curiously  B．accidentally          C．wisely     D．coldly

A．promised          B．knew      C．announced     D．thanked w

A．affects       B．desires    C．helps       D．counts