摘要: A. reward B. guide C. right D. chance

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完形填空

  Across the world, students are sweating as they prepare for all kinds of exams.Many teenagers complain that while they do well in their homework, they don't get   1   marks in exams.They are wondering why.

  In a new study U.S.psychologists think they have found the answer.Researchers report that heavy exam   2   is actually more likely to affect the performance of very good students than average ones.

  Worried about   3   others, these students can lose their most valuable   4   weapons:short-term or working memory.This is their ability to   5   numbers and ideas, while focusing on problem at hand.According to the study, when   6   pressure is put on people with good skills, their performance drops.

  People with strong working memory skills   7   to do well in intellectual ability test.Their analytical skills and creative   8   depend on their short-term-focused processor.

  In the study, researchers   9   the working memory of 93 students.They were divided into two groups, with a high and a low   10   memory.

  The students then took two maths tests each under   11   conditions.One was called a practice test.In the other, the students were told they were part of a team that was depending on them to   12   their score in order to win a reward.

  The results were   13  :the group with high working memory scored about 10 percent higher than the others on the low-pressure practice test.But the two groups'   14   were about equal when the pressure was on to perform.

  The study shows how memory performance is   15   by fear of failure, according to the scientists.

(1)

[  ]

A.

high

B.

low

C.

many

D.

poor

(2)

[  ]

A.

contents

B.

load

C.

atmosphere

D.

pressure

(3)

[  ]

A.

pleasing

B.

disturbing

C.

amazing

D.

failing

(4)

[  ]

A.

powerful

B.

physical

C.

intellectual

D.

sharp

(5)

[  ]

A.

remember

B.

recall(回想起)

C.

remind

D.

preserve

(6)

[  ]

A.

extra

B.

ordinary

C.

little

D.

unusual

(7)

[  ]

A.

continue

B.

have

C.

determine

D.

tend

(8)

[  ]

A.

labor

B.

experience

C.

thinking

D.

method

(9)

[  ]

A.

tested

B.

checked

C.

researched

D.

examined

(10)

[  ]

A.

storing

B.

working

C.

changing

D.

speaking

(11)

[  ]

A.

unhealthy

B.

favorable

C.

hard

D.

different

(12)

[  ]

A.

add

B.

decrease

C.

rise

D.

improve

(13)

[  ]

A.

expected

B.

striking

C.

obvious

D.

disappointing

(14)

[  ]

A.

scores

B.

performance

C.

reports

D.

clocks

(15)

[  ]

A.

prevented

B.

improved

C.

affected

D.

prepared

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完形填空

  Once there was a king in a small country. He had a  1 parrot that could say hello to him  2 it saw him in the morning and say goodbye in the evening. The king loved it very much. But one day the bird  3 away. The king was worried and promised if somebody caught the bird and  4 it to him, he would give him a lot of  5 as a reward (酬金).

  An old man who lived by the forest  6 to catch the parrot and decided to take it to the king.  7 an old man, it took him three days to get to the  8 .But at the gate of the palace (宫殿) a  9 stopped him and said, “What are you going to do?”

  “I've  10 here to give the parrot back to the king.”

  “If you give half of the king's rewards to me,”said the man .“I'll let you  11 .”

  The poor old man had to  12 .But at the second gate an officer stopped him again and put the  13 forward condition (条件). The old man said, “I've promised to give half of the king's rewards to your  14 .”

  “It doesn't matter,”said the officer, “Give a  15 to me, then.”

  The old man had to give in (让步) and he went in. At the  16 of the king's room he had to give the one fourth to the  17 officer. Now the old man would get nothing until at last he saw the king. When the king saw his parrot again, he was very  18 .He said to the old man, “Since you brought the bird here, I  19 keep my promise. I'll give you a box of money.”“No, no. Your Majesty (陛下),”the old man said  20 ,“I want not a box of money, but one hundred lashes (鞭子)!”

1.

[  ]

A.terrible
B.strange
C.beautiful
D.sick

2.

[  ]

A.before
B.when
C.until
D.during

3.

[  ]

A.ran
B.went
C.swam
D.flew

4.

[  ]

A.returned
B.lent
C.sold
D.supplied

5.

[  ]

A.food
B.money
C.fruit
D.salt

6.

[  ]

A.happened
B.wanted
C.pretended
D.failed

7.

[  ]

A.Like
B.For
C.To
D.As

8.

[  ]

A.town
B.city
C.capital
D.village

9.

[  ]

A.peasant
B.reporter
C.gate keeper
D.designer

10.

[  ]

A.come
B.stood
C.appeared
D.sat

11.

[  ]

A.out
B.in
C.away
D.on

12.

[  ]

A.refuse
B.escape
C.shout
D.agree

13.

[  ]

A.different
B.same
C.difficult
D.easy

14.

[  ]

A.teacher
B.student
C.classmate
D.workmate

15.

[  ]

A.quarter
B.half
C.few
D.little

16.

[  ]

A.window
B.floor
C.door
D.ceiling

17.

[  ]

A.first
B.second
C.another
D.last

18.

[  ]

A.happy
B.angry
C.worried
D.sorry

19.

[  ]

A.could
B.may
C.must
D.had to

20.

[  ]

A.in surprise
B.in a hurry
C.at first
D.with a tired look
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Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

  The world would have been so much better if we all knew to say and do the right thing at the right time.However , that is not the case, especially when it comes to instilling (逐步培养) proper behavior in kids.Behavior modification(BM) techniques were recently created to help in instilling proper behavior in children as well as adults.

  Behavior modification refers to establishing appropriate behaviors in individuals and discouraging those that are not desirable.The techniques are used in behavior modification therapy that aims to correct and instill appropriate behavior in children.

  The most commonly used behavior modification techniques are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment.Positive reinforcement refers to reinforcing a desired behavior through the process of rewarding it.Negative reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or a behavior because the desired behavior was performed.Punishment refers to subjecting(使服从于) an individual to a negative condition because of an inappropriate behavior.

  The behavior modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement.However, parents should realize that these techniques can't be relied upon totally for child behavior modification.This can be done through effective communication and greater focus on the parent-child relationship.As a parent, don't make the reward a monetary one.Try to make it look more like a privilege than a reward.

  Although we talk so much about the role of a parent in bringing positive behavior modification in children, both parents and teachers have equally important roles to play.Teachers play their role through preventive classroom management, teaching social problem-solving skills like alternative thinking , and continuous monitoring of a child's behavior.It is true that there are various behavior modification techniques available for encouraging proper behavior in children.However, there is nothing that can take the place of proper parenting and an affectionate environment.

Title:________

I.Introduce to BM

●Definition of BM:Establishing appropriate behaviors and ________

●Purpose of BM techniques:To correct and ________ in children as well as adults.

II.Common BM techniques

________:Reinforcing a desired behavior by ________

●Negative reinforcement:________ a negative consequence or a behavior

________:Subjecting an individual to ________

III.BM techniques for children

For parents:

●Communicating effectively with children

________ a privilege

●Sticking to the same technique

For teachers:

●Preventing problems happening in classroom

●Teaching ________ social problem

●Monitoring children's behaviors continuously

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