Jerome David Salinger was an American author,best known for his 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye,as well as his reclusive(隐居的) nature.His last original published work was in 1956 ;he gave his last interview in 1980,Raised in Manhattan,Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school,and published the critically praised story A perfect Day for Bananafish in  The New Yorker magazine,which became home to much of his following work.    . In 1951 Salinger released his novel The Catcher in the Rye,an immediate popular success.His description of adolescent alienation(疏远) and loss of innocence in the leading role Holden Caulfield was influential ,especially among adolescent readers.The novel remains widely read,selling around 250,000 copies a year.
The success of The Catcher in the Rye led to public attention and monitor:Salinger became reclusive,publishing new work less frequently .He followed Catcher with a short story collection,Nine Stories(1953,) a collection of a short novel and a short story, Franny and Zooey(1961), and a collection of two short novels,Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). His last published work,a short novel entitled Hepworth 16,1924, appeared in The New Yorker on June 19,1965.
Afterwards Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs (回忆录) written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover,and Margaret Salinger, his daughter .In 1996 ,a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish Hapworth16,1924, in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was indefinitely delayed.He made headlines around the globe in June 2009, after filing a lawsuit against another writer for copyright infringement (侵犯) resulting from that writer’s use of one of Salinger’s characters from The Catcher in the Rye. Salinger died of natual causes on January 27,2010, at his home in Cornish, New Hampshire.
1.When did J.D.Salinger start to writing short stories?

Students who say they never or hardly ever used dictionaries may speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.

    The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.

    The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check this in a dictionary.

1.The writer thinks that        .

   A. choose a good dictionary, and you’ll be successful in learning English

   B. dictionaries are not necessary to the students who learn English

   C. it is very important for students to use good dictionaries properly

   D. using dictionaries very often can’t help to improve writing

2. According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?

   A. Dictionaries have little effect on learning to speak English.

   B. Whatever new words you meet while reading, never use dictionaries.

   C. Small two-language dictionaries have serious shortcomings.

   D. Reading something for the first time, you’d better not use dictionaries.

3. When in the reading does the writer advise students to use a good dictionary?

   A. At the beginning of the reading

   B. At the end of the reading

   C. During the first reading

   D. After the first reading

4. This passage mainly tells us        .

   A. that students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries

   B. what were the shortcomings of small two-language dictionaries

   C. why students should use large college edition dictionaries

   D. what dictionary students should choose and how to use it

Students who say they never or hardly ever used dictionaries may speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.

The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.

The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check this in a dictionary.

1.The writer thinks that ___________.

A．choose a good dictionary, and you’ll be successful in learning English

B．dictionaries are not necessary to the students who learn English

C．it is very important for students to use good dictionaries properly

D．using dictionaries very often can’t help to improve writing

2.According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?

A．Dictionaries have little effect on learning to speak English.

B．Whatever new words you meet while reading, never use dictionaries.

C．Small two-language dictionaries have serious shortcomings.

D．Reading something for the first time, you’d better not use dictionaries.

3.When in the reading does the writer advise students to use a good dictionary?

A．At the beginning of the reading             B．At the end of the reading

C．During the first reading                   D．After the first reading

4.This passage mainly tells us .

A．that students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries

B．what were the shortcomings of small two-language dictionaries

C．why students should use large college edition dictionaries

D．what dictionary students should choose and how to use it

Schools have banned cupcakes, issued fatness report cards and cleared space in cafeterias for salad bars. Just last month, Michelle Obama’s campaign to end childhood fatness promised to get young people moving more and restore school lunch, and drink makers said they had cut the number of liquid calories shipped to schools by almost 90 percent in the past five years.

But new research suggests that interventions(干预) aimed at school-aged children may be, if not too little, too late.

More and more evidence points to essential events very early in life — during the child years, babyhood and even before birth, in the womb(胎) — that can set young children on a fatness path that is hard to change by the time they’re in kindergarten. The evidence is not ironclad, but it suggests that prevention efforts should start very early.

Among the findings are these:

The fat angel-like baby who is growing so nicely may be growing too much for his or her own good, research suggests.

Babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy are at risk of becoming fat, even though the babies are usually small at birth.

Babies who sleep less than 12 hours are at increased risk for fatness later. If they don’t sleep enough and also watch two hours or more of TV a day, they are at even greater risk.

Some early interventions are already widely practiced. Doctors recommend that overweight women lose weight before pregnancy rather than after, to cut the risk of fatness and diabetes in their children; breast-feeding is also recommended to lower the obesity risk.

Like children and teenagers, babies and toddlers have been getting fatter. One in 10 children under age 2 is overweight. The percentage of children ages 2 to 5 who are fat increased to 12.4 percent in 2006 from 5 percent in 1980. But most prevention programs have avioded intervening at very young ages, partly because the school system offers an efficient way to reach large numbers of children, and partly because the rate of fat teenagers is even higher than that of younger children — 18 percent.

Scientists like Dr. Birch worry about what are called epigenetic changes. The genes taken over from mother and father may be turned on and off and the strength of their effects changed by environmental conditions in early development. Many doctors are concerned about women being fat and unhealthy before pregnancy because the womb is the baby’s first environment.

Experts say change may require abandoning some treasured cultural attitudes. “The idea that a big baby is a healthy baby, and a crying baby is probably a hungry baby who should be fed, are things we really need to rethink,” Dr. Birch said.

61. What is NOT included in Michelle Obama’s campaign?

A. To restore school lunch.

B. To get young people moving more.

C. To issue fatness report cards.

D. To end childhood fatness.

62. Why should fatness prevention efforts start very early?

A. Because children now are growing too much for their own good.

B. Because there is too much liquid calories in drinks for children.

C. Because experiences even when in the womb can affect a child.

D. Because fat children cannot be healthy ones when they grow up.

63. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “ironclad” in paragraph three?

A. right       B. protective       C. objective      D. positive

64. Which of the following is NOT right?

A. 18% of the younger children are fatter than fat teenagers.

B. 10 % of the children under age 2 gain too much weight.

C. 12.4% of the children ages 2-5 were overweight in 2006.

D. In 1980, only 5% of the children ages 2-5 were too fat.

65. What does Dr. Birch’s statement mean in the last paragraph?

A. Feeding the baby when it is crying is not right.

B. Fat babies may not be so healthy as people think.

C. Parents should take responsibility for fat babies.

D. Lovely babies shouldn’t be so fat as people think.

Students who say they never or hardly ever used dictionaries may speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.

    The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.

    The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check this in a dictionary.

61. The writer thinks that        .

   A. choose a good dictionary, and you’ll be successful in learning English

   B. dictionaries are not necessary to the students who learn English

   C. it is very important for students to use good dictionaries properly

   D. using dictionaries very often can’t help to improve writing

62. According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?

   A. Dictionaries have little effect on learning to speak English.

   B. Whatever new words you meet while reading, never use dictionaries.

   C. Small two-language dictionaries have serious shortcomings.

   D. Reading something for the first time, you’d better not use dictionaries.

63. When in the reading does the writer advise students to use a good dictionary?

   A. At the beginning of the reading          B. At the end of the reading

   C. During the first reading                D. After the first reading

64. This passage mainly tells us        .

   A. that students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries

   B. what were the shortcomings of small two-language dictionaries

   C. why students should use large college edition dictionaries

   D. what dictionary students should choose and how to use it

65. Which is NOT mentioned in this passage?

   A. How to make good use of a dictionary.    B. When to use a dictionary.

   C. How to improve spoken English.         D. How to practice reading fast.