Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics（批评家）seem to hate them because they have so much money to throw around. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays.

     The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods is largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.

     Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the incidents and disasters.

     We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

     Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch” column(栏目) but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!

1.  What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Advertisements steal money from our pockets

B. The critics get the wrong idea of advertisements.

C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.

D. Advertisements are everywhere.

2. What is the attitude of the author toward advertisements?                

A. He appreciates the role of advertisements.

B. He doubts the effect of advertisements.

C. He believes what is said in advertisements.

D. He complains too many advertisements in daily life.

3.  Which of the following is Not True?

A. The personal or “agony” column makes us know more about human nature.

B. The only purpose of advertising is to sell goods.

C. A newspaper will cost us more if there is no advertisement on it.

D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.

4.  Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A．              B．              C．              D．

      ①           ①                ①                ①

②            ②  ③          ② ③ ④

    ③    ④       ④   ⑤

        ⑤                           ⑤            ② ③ ④ ⑤

( ①= Paragraph 1, ②= paragraph 2,  ③= paragraph 3,   ④= paragraph 4   ⑤= paragraph 5 )                     

Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics（批评家）seem to hate them because they have so much money to throw around. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays.

     The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods is largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.

     Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the incidents and disasters.

     We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

     Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch” column(栏目) but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!

48.  What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Advertisements steal money from our pockets
B. The critics get the wrong idea of advertisements.
C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D. Advertisements are everywhere.

49. What is the attitude of the author toward advertisements?                
A. He appreciates the role of advertisements.

B. He doubts the effect of advertisements.

C. He believes what is said in advertisements.

D. He complains too many advertisements in daily life.

50.  Which of the following is Not True?
A. The personal or “agony” column makes us know more about human nature.

B. The only purpose of advertising is to sell goods.

C. A newspaper will cost us more if there is no advertisement on it.
D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.

51.  Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

( ①= Paragraph 1, ②= paragraph 2,  ③= paragraph 3,   ④= paragraph 4   ⑤= paragraph 5 )

A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.

   He may have the belief that he is not capable (有能力的) of it. A child may think he is __1__ because he doesn’t understand how to make the __2__ of his mental faculties (才能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of learning things new because of their __ 3__.

   A person who believe that he is incapable will not make a real __4__ because he feels that it would be useless. He won’t go at a job with confidence necessary for __5__ , and he won’t  work his hardest way, even though he may think he is doing so. He is __6__ likely to fail, and the failure will __7__ his belief in his competence (才能) .

   Alfred Alder, a famous doctor, had __8__ like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor __9__ in maths. His teacher told his parents he had no ability in maths in order that they would not __10__ too much of him. In this way, they two __11__ the idea. He accepted __12__ mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to __13__ and was very poor at maths, __14__ as they expected.

   One day he worked at a problem which __15__ of the other students had been able to solve.

  Alder __16__ in solving the problem. This gave him confidence (信心). He now __17__ with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at __18__. He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned __19__ in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may __20__ himself as well as others by his ability.

1. A. clever                   B. shy                   C. useless                     D. stupid

2. A. biggest                 B. most                 C. highest                     D. deepest

3. A. ability                  B. age                   C. brain                        D. knowledge

4. A. decision                B. success              C. effort                       D. trouble

5. A. work                    B. study                C. improvement            D. success

6. A. truly                        B. really                C. however                   D. therefore

7. A. lead to                 B. strengthen         C. increase                    D. add to

8. A. an experience        B. an example        C. a thought                  D. a story

9. A. state                         B. mind                 C. start                         D. ending

10. A. blame                 B. expect               C. get                           D. win

11. A. developed           B. organized          C. discovered                D. found

12. A. his                     B. her                    C. its                          D. their

13. A. manage               B. succeed             C. try                         D. act

14. A. only                   B. almost               C. just                        D. then

15. A. none                   B. no                    C. no one                    D. nobody

16. A. gave                   B. succeeded          C. failed                            D. believed

17. A. lived                  B. worked             C. played                    D. graduated

18. A. lessons                   B. medicine           C. subjects                  D. maths

19. A. early                  B. deeply               C. late                        D. simply

20. A. encourage           B. love                  C. astonish                  D. disappoint

A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.
He may have the  36  that he is not capable (有能力的) of it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make  37  of his mental faculties(官能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of  38  anything new because of their age.
A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real  39 , because he feels that it  40  be useless. He won’t go at a job with the confidence(信心) necessary for success, and he won’t work his hardest, even though he may  41  he is doing so. He is  42  likely to fail, and the failure will  43  his belief in his incompetence(无能).
Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had  44  like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor  45  in maths. His teacher told his  46  he had no ability in maths in order that they would not  47  too much of him. In this way, they too  48  the idea. He accepted  49  mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to  50 , and was very poor at maths,  51  as they expected.
One day he worked out a problem which  52  of the other students had been able to solve.
Adler succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now  53  with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at  54 . He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned early in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may  55  himself as well as others by his ability. 36—40 ABBCA   41—45 BDBAC  46—50 DBADC  51—55 CABDA

A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.

   He may have the belief that he is not capable (有能力的) of it. A child may think he is __1__ because he doesn’t understand how to make the __2__ of his mental faculties (才能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of learning things new because of their __ 3__.

   A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real __4__ because he feels that it would be useless. He won’t go at a job with confidence necessary for __5__ , and he won’t  work his hardest way, even though he may think he is doing so. He is __6__ likely to fail, and the failure will __7__ his belief in his competence (才能) .

   Alfred Alder, a famous doctor, had __8__ like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor __9__ in maths. His teacher told his parents he had no ability in maths in order that they would not __10__ too much of him. In this way, they two __11__ the idea. He accepted __12__ mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to __13__ and was very poor at maths, __14__ as they expected.

   One day he worked at a problem which __15__ of the other students had been able to solve.

  Alder __16__ in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now __17__ with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at __18__. He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned __19__ in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may __20__ himself as well as others by his ability.

1. A. clever              B. shy             C. useless           D. stupid

2. A. biggest               B. most               C. highest           D. deepest

3. A. ability             B. age                 C. brain              D. knowledge

4. A. decision             B. success           C. effort             D. trouble

5. A. work               B. study              C. improvement     D. success

6. A. truly                B. really               C. however         D. therefore

7. A. lead to             B. strengthen       C. increase         D. add to

8. A. an experience     B. an example      C. a thought           D. a story

9. A. state                         B. mind               C. start               D. ending

10. A. blame                 B. expect             C. get                 D. win

11. A. developed            B. organized         C. discovered         D. found

12. A. his                     B. her                  C. its                  D. their

13. A. manage               B. succeed           C. try                 D. act

14. A. only                    B. almost             C. just                D. then

15. A. none                   B. no                   C. no one                  D. nobody

16. A. gave                   B. succeeded       C. failed             D. managed

17. A. lived                   B. worked           C. played            D. graduated

18. A. lessons               B. medicine        C. subjects         D. maths

19. A. early                   B. deeply             C. late                D. simply

20. A. encourage           B. love                C. astonish         D. disappoint