阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

You Can Lead A Horse To Water , But You Can’t Make It Drink. This idiom refers to the fact that one can show the people around him the way to do things , he can offer good advice but he cannot force them to act or to make them take it.

It is the best way to suggest the fact that everybody has his own personality and the possibility to choose what he considers to be the best choice in his life no matter the circumstances . Very frequently we have come across the fact tha  , best mend    and we try to give him the best dvice. As an outsider you can see things differently and you can be the best one to offer some advice.

Generally , people prefer to do things in their own way which they consider to be the best . But they need to learn from their mistakes even if they repeat the same mistake two or more times . On the other hand . we cannot force people to do what they don’t want to because each one of us has his own preferences and wishes in life . For example , parents cannot oblige their children to choose to study a certain job just because they want that . A person would choose what he thinks it matches with his own personality and ambitions because this is the only way he’d feel proud of his choice and he would enjoy what he does.

Therefore , we can say that our point of view is very important when making decisions that respect our life and our problems with the persons that surround us . And that , moreover , it is necessary to make mistakes because it is the best means to understand what we have done wrong and that we shouldn’t repeat it .

1.What’s the author’s attitude towards making mistakes ?(Please answer within 10 words.)

2.How does the author introduce the topic of the text?(Please answer within 5 words.)

3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3 ? (Please answer within 8 words.)

4.Fill in the blank with proper words or phrases.(Please answer within 10 words.)

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　It was on January 24, 1848, that James Wilson Marshall discovered gold in the territory of California. The news spread quickly. Thousands rushed west. By 1849, the great gold was in full swing.

　　Towns and cities sprang up overnight. One year later, California had enough people to be taken into the Union as a state. Throughout the territory, thousands searched for gold. Besides food and blankets, they had picks and pans.

　　Some found veins of mountain rock thick with gold. These men got rich. Others “panned” for gold in the mountain streams. They were looking for the leftovers. They searched for chunks of gold that the rains had washed down from above.

　　Panning was the only way to find gold. One put dirt in a pan and added water. Then, the pan was swished around so that the water could wash the dirt. Slowly, the water was poured out of the pan. Each one hoped that the place he claimed (宣称) “panned out well” that is, turned up gold.

　　After the California gold rush the miners turned to farming and ranching (牧业). Some left for the state of Colorado where gold also had been discovered. For many, gold mining did not “pan out”. For a few, it panned out well. But in time, huge machines were built that could wash many tons of dirt at a time. “Panning” died out.

　　The word, however, remained in the language. Today, Americans still say, “It panned out well,” when something they have done pleases them.

　　In recent yeas, “pan” has taken on another meaning. Today, it also means to criticize. How it got this meaning is hard to discover. But critics (批评家) are always “panning” some writer, artist or singer.

　　Sometimes, critics may pan a movie or play so severely that no one will go to see it. This can also happen to a book, if critics pan it strongly enough. There have been times, however, when a play became highly successful, even though most of the critics panned it without mercy. The pans should have made the play a washout. But, as actors have pointed out, sometimes a critic's pan surprisingly turns up gold.

1．The whole passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．different fortunes of the earliest gold miners

B．the gold rush in California

C．the word “pen” and its expressions

D．some expressions created during the gold rush

2．We can know from the article that before the year 1849 ________.

[　　]

A．California was not a state of the Union

B．California had already had a large population

C．there were few towns and cities in California

D．there was not much gold left in California

3．What happened when the huge machine was built for the gold rush?

[　　]

A．The gold rush ended.

B．Many people turned to farming and ranching.

C．People gave up the way of panning in time.

D．It became more difficult to find gold.

4．The author intends to tell us in the last paragraph

[　　]

A．a critic's pan can cause different results to a book, or a play

B．another meaning of the word “pan”

C．a critic's pan can make a book, or a play an unexpected success

D．actors usually welcome a critic's pan

 Well ____ know him and well ____ know me.