阅读理解

　　There seems never to have been a civilization(文明) without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.

　　In the ancient world, as is today, most boys play with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are strictly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

　　What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. It is the universality of toys about their development in all parts of the world and their continuing to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

　　Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to (服从于) technological progress that characterizes inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of advancement. The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of materials then ready for use.

1．The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that _____.

[　　]

A．their social roles are strictly determined

B．most boys would like to follow their father's jobs

C．boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers

D．they like challenging activities

2．“The universality of toys”lies in the fact that _____.

[　　]

A．technological advances have greatly improved the making of toys

B．the improvement of techniques in making toys depends on the efforts of universities

C．the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

D．the basic characteristics of toys are the same world over

3．Regarded as a kind of art form，toys _____.

[　　]

A．follow a direct line of development

B．also greatly interest adults

C．are not characterized by progress in technology

D．show the pace of social progress

4．The author used the example of a rattle to show that _____.

[　　]

A．in toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materials

B．even the simplest toys can show the progress of technology

C．it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-making

D．even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time

Nowadays，within a short walk along a busy street，you are ________ to find a chain store ______----a fast­food restaurant，a bakery，or a supermarket.

A．probable; some kinds                B．likely; of some kind

C．possible; some kind of               D．unlikely; some kind of

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do .

In the ancient world , as is today ,most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another .In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are being prepared, even in play , to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world .

What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same . The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship ,mechanics, and technology . It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing .In Egypt ,America ,China ,Japan and among the Arctic (北极的)people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and way of life because toys imitate their surrounding. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use .The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拔浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000BCto one used by an infant today , however , is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

1.The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that       .

    A. their social roles are rigidly determined

B. they like challenging activities

C. most boys would like to follow their fathers’ professions

D. boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers.

2.One aspect of “the universality of toys ”lies in the fact that          .

A. the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world

B. technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys

C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

D. the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities

3.Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys?

A. Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.

B. The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.

C. The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.

D. Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.

4.Regarded as a kind of art form, toys           .

A. reflect the pace of social progress

B. are not characterized by technological progress

C. follow a direct line of ascent

D. also appeal greatly to adults

任务型阅读(10分):

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Unlike modern animal scientists , dinosaur (恐龙) scientist cannot sit on a hillside and use telescope to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents .   71   .

It’s very difficult for the scientists to reach an agreement because different results can be got from the same fossils(化石) .   72    . They might have formed when an entire group of dinosaurs got stuck all at once, or they might have been the result of dinosaurs getting stuck one after another over a course of a few centuries . Thus we can say that dinosaurs might have in the first case lived in big groups and in the second lived alone .

    73    .  A kind of dinosaurs called Sauropods left behind tracks in the western United States that appear to run north and south , suggesting that they even moved long distances together .

As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young , dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs —birds and crocodiles — for possible models .     74   .  The discovered fossils of dinosaurs sitting on their eggs and staying with their young suggest the parents were taking care of their babies , but we still cannot say that all dinosaurs did the same .

75    .  Dinosaur scientists will have to find more proof to reach an agreement .

E. Half of the dinosaurs lived alone .

F. Birds hardly pay attentions to their young .

G. Instead , they have to search hard for information from dinosaur’s fossils .

此任务型阅读题答案选项写在以下的横线上

71._______  72.______  73.______  74.______  75_____

Some kinds of animals can change their color with _______.

A.  conditions      B environment    C. surroundings    D. situation