It may not be news to parents of teenage girls, but researchers have confirmed that no one can stop their 16-year-old daughter from deciding how the family spends its money.

The willpower and determination of teenage girls give them a big say in how a family’s money is spent on everything from food and meals to mobile phones, and, of course, clothes. Teenage boys did not show up at all in the analysis, which was designed to find out the influence of young people on household spending.

The findings on the spending power of teenage girls were calculated from Office for National Statistics records of family spending during the 1980s and 1990s. Researchers examined how much money went on services and leisure goods in different kinds of homes. They checked spending on food, restaurant meals, alcohol, tobacco, services, heating, transport, clothes and sports in 2,745 British families.

They found that teenage girls in the UK typically played an active role in family decisions about the allocation（分配）of household resources. But older children— those over the age of 21 who are still living with their parents—appear to have no say in household decisions.

They also tried to calculate to what extent the bargaining power of a teenager affected family budgets. “Every parent knows that children, even at a very early age, have their own preferences with regard to consumption, researchers said. “But children are only interested in a limited range of goods—mainly sweets and toys—and parents are able to use punishment to reduce their children’s bargaining power or remove it.”  When they become teenagers, however, girls are much more independent and they are capable of earning their own money, which improves their bargaining power in family decisions.

The researchers could not explain why girls have more influence over spending while the evidence for boys is much less conclusive. However, this study could be of great significance to market research and how marketers target children.

1. From the passage we can learn that            .

2.What does the underlined part “give them a big say” in the second paragraph mean?

3.It appears that household decisions are NOT affected by        .

4.How can parents reduce children’s bargaining power?

My uncle moved to London ______.

       A．in the fifties     B．in the 1980s     C．in his fifty       D．in 1990s

填写所给动词的正确形式。（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分）

注意：有的空需要加助动词构成时态或语态

1. The little boy ________ (go) blind when he was run over by a passing car..

2. All the files deserve _______ (sort) out, for they will be useful in the future.

3. People have come to like the book that ____________ (write) in the 1980s.

4. The wooden furniture ____________ (replace) by plastic furniture sooner or later.

5 .I had my wallet __________(steal) on my way home. 

6.The car is considered to ___________ (invent) in the 19th century.

7.I got to know him in the 1960s and since then a good relation ________ (build) between us.

8. By the time he was ten, he _____________(teach) mathematics by his father.

9. He insisted that he_______ (see) a man in the room at that time.

10.The Science and Technology Festival____________(hold) every year on a regular basis.

An exercise method (Gyrotonics) designed to stretch muscles and improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States. Here's more about Gyrotonics and the man who invented this special form of exercise.

Gyrotonics is a kind of exercise that combines the movements of dancing and swimming with the mental and physical practice called yoga. It helps lengthen muscles, improve balance, and exercise the joints, the parts of the body where bones are joined.

A Hungarian dancer named Juliu Horvath developed this special form of exercise. After he was injured in dancing, Mr. Horvath studied yoga intensely. In the 1980s, he developed a new exercise method as a special kind of yoga to strengthen dancers.

According to Mr. Horvath, his method was based on the octopus(章鱼)，monkey and cat. He says these animals have no restrictions. They can move in any direction the Gyrotonic movements to help the human body move more freely.

A special machine made of wood and weights(砝码) helps guide the body through the Gyrotonics exercises. You sit or lie on a flat board. You put your legs or hands through special cloth handles attached to a line with weights. With the tension created by the weights, you must try to move through the exercises.

Seven kinds of backbone movements form the base of Gyrotonics. For example, you can stretch your back to the left and right or forward and backward. While moving your back, you can also work on arm or leg motions. These movements must be done in a smooth way. Often the motions are circular(圆形的)。

When Juliu Horvath first developed Gyrotonics, he was the only teacher. Since then, he has taught almost 70 trainers. Now, there are more then 800 official schools in the world where you can learn Gyrotonics.

1.This passage mainly focuses on _____.

A．A successful life of Horvath                B．A popular kind of exercise

C．Some advice on health care               D．Some uses of a special machine

2.According to the passage, what made it possible for Horvath to develop Gyrotonics?

A．His dancing-related injury.                 B．His failure in practicing yoga.

C．His good skills of dancing                  D．His wish to be a Gyrotonics trainer.

3.What do you think inspired Horvath in developing Gyrotonics?

A．His experience in dancing.                B．His use of a special machine.

C． The movements of some animals.          D．The ideas from many trainers.

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A．Many Americans have improved their health through Gyrotonics.

B．In a way, Gyrotonics is an exercise that comes from yoga.

C．You only have to move your backbone when doing the exercise.

D．Gyrotonics courses can be found in most countries worldwide.

In the eyes of dog lovers, the dog is man’s best friend. But for much wildlife, loose dogs may be a dangerous enemy, according to a study by a biologist from Utah State University in the US.

Based on much existing research and their own case studies, Julie Smith of Utah State University and four other scientists conclude that loose dogs may represent a huge danger to wildlife, especially endangered species, by hunting down or worrying them and by spreading diseases. They also found that dogs, their worldwide numbers around 500 million, can cause more damage to wildlife and livestock(牲畜) than wolves and other enemies of these animals.

Smith gave examples from the US state of Idaho, where research showed the presence of dogs reducing some deer populations. On the Navajo American Indians’ reservation in northeastern Arizona, packs of loose dogs are attacking livestock. They have killed populations of small animals such as rabbits and act as a disease carrier for rabies(狂犬病) among people and other animals, she said. Loose dogs also were to blame for distemper(温热病) outbreak leading to a die-off of endangered black-footed ferrets in northwestern Wyoming in the 1980s.

The phenomenon is not just limited to US; it’s a global problem. Julie Smith once studied three endangered species in central Asia: wild sheep, gazelles and antelope. The rate of injury and death to these animals by loose dogs was very high. In another case, Smith found that dogs, not wolves, as originally suspected, were responsible for a large number of livestock killings in the mountainous Basque country between Spain and France.

Authors of the new study said the problem is likely to worsen as communities expand. Then how to deal with it?

Indeed, in many countries, leash(拴狗的皮带) laws permit punishment of dog owners whose pets attack wildlife. But lawbreakers are rarely punished because the police lack both people and money.

Smith has low-cost solutions to the problem for dog lovers, though. They include public dog-training programs and vaccinating (预防接种) dogs against rabies and other illnesses.

1.Julie Smith’s study mainly tells us that _______.

2.Which of the following statements about loose dogs is TRUE according to the research?

3.Which of the following is among Julie Smith’s solutions to the trouble caused by loose dogs?

4.What is the main point of the article?