Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men, in which he looked millions of years ahead. He told of different men and of strange civilisations（文明）, broken up by long 'dark ages' in between. In his view, what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men. In 2,000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men.
　　However, most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted. Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred ? The next thousand? The next million? That's much more difficult.
　　When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? Yet to men of 50,000 years from now, we may seem as primitive（原始的）in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us. Perhaps through the spundels and ballalators, these words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can't think of .
　　So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future ? Here are two reasons. First unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history, we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are. If we make the earth a poor place to live because. we are careless or greedy（贪婪） or quarrelsome,our grand-children will not bother to think of excuses for us.
　　Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves. For example, if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming, we can think of trying it now. So set your imagination free when you think about the future .
53．A particular mention made of Stapledon's book in the opening paragraph ____________
　　A．serves as a description of human history
　　B．serves an introduction to the discussion
　　C．shows a disagreement of views
　　D． Shows the popularity of the book
54．The text discusses men and women 50,000 years ago and 50,000 years from now in order to show that _________.
　　A．human history is extremely long    B．life has changed a great deal
　　C．it is useless to plan for the next 50 years
　　D．it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future
55．Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to _________.
　　A．tools used in farming                   B．ideas about modern life
　　C．unknown things in the future         D．hunting skills in the Stone Age
56．According to the writer of the text, imagining the future will _________.
　　A．serve the interests of the present and future generations
　　B．enable us to better understand human history
　　C．help us to improve farming
　　D．make life worth living

You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest puzzles in our life.
　 What if you say it first and your partner doesn’t love you back? Or if they do say it but you don’t feel they mean it? Being the first to declare your love can be nerve racking(紧张）and risky and can leave you feeling as vulnerable as a turtle with no shell. But is the person who says it first really in a position of weakness? Doesn’t it pay to hold back, play it cool and wait until the other half has shown their hand fast?
　A really good relationship should be about “being fair and being equal,” says psychologist Sidney Crown. “But love is seldom equal.” All relationships go through power struggles but, he says, if a love imbalance continues for years, the rot will set in. “That feeling of ‘I’ve always loved you more’ may be subverted(颠覆，破坏) for a time, but it never goes away completely and it often emerges in squabbling(大声争吵).”  In love, at least, the silent, withholding type is not always the most powerful. “The strongest one in a relationship is often the person who feels confident enough to talk about their feelings,” says educational psychologist Ingrid Collins. Psychosexual therapist Paula Hall agrees. “The one with the upper hand is often the person who takes the initiative. In fact, the person who says ‘I love you’ first may also be the one who says ‘I’ m bored with you’ first.” Hall believes that much depends on how “I love you” is said and the motivation of the person saying it. “Is it said when they’re drunk? Is it said before their partner files off on holiday, and what it really means is ‘Please don’ t be unfaithful to me’ ?” By saying ‘I love you’, they are really saying ‘Do you love me?’ If so, wouldn’t it just be more honest to say that. Collins agrees that intention is everything. “It’s not what is said, but how it’s said. What it comes down to is the sincerity of the speaker.”
【小题1】 What is the main idea of this passage?

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Besides this question of the time given to pronunciation，there are two other requirements for the teacher：the first，knowledge；the second，technique．

　　It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information．This can generally be go form books．It is possible to get from books some idea of the speech；and of what we call general phonetic rules．It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages，between the speech habits of English people and those，of your students．Unless the teacher has such a picture，any explanations he makes on his students'pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use，and lesson time spent on Pronunciation may well be wasted．

　　But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books．It depends，after that，what use you make of your knowledge；and this is a matter of technique．

　　Now the first and most important part of a language teacher's technique is his own performance，his ability to show off the spoken language，in every detail of sound as well as in fluent speaking，so that the student's ability for imitation is given the fullest space and encouragement．The teacher，then，should be as perfect a model in this field as he can make himself．And to make his own performance better，however satisfactory this may be，the modern teacher has in his hand recordings and a radio，to supply the real voices of native speakers，or，if the teacher happens to be a native speaker himself，or speaks just like one，then to change the method of presenting the language material．

　　However，the process of showing pronunciation，whether by personal ex-ample or with the help of machines，is only the beginning of teaching pronunciation．The technique of teaching each sound also needs to be considered．

1．How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time？

[　　]

A．By spending lesson time on pronunciation．

B．Bu making ill-informed explanations upon pronunciation．

C．By not using books on phonetics in the classroom．

D．By not giving students a clear mental picture of the difference between

sounds．

2．Students have an ability for imitation which is________．

[　　]

A．plain and obvious

B．well developed

C．not yet developed

D．too weak to be useful

3．What is the main point the author makes about imitation of the teacher？

[　　]

A．It is a matter of secondary importance．

B．Students should be given every chance for it．

C．It depends on the student's ability．

D．Teachers are perfect models for students to imitate．

4．TO Someone teaching his own language to foreigners mechanical aids can________．

[　　]

A．improve his own performance

B．replace his own performance

C．provide examples of native speech

D．make his voice louder

5．Showing pronunciation is to be regarded as ________．

[　　]

A．a part of teaching pronunciation

B．an exercise of value in itself

C．an example of the use of mechanical aids

D．a technique for teaching separate sounds

完形填空

　　Can you imagine what life would be like if there were not 　1　？You could not call 　2　 your friends on the phone and talk to them．If fire 　3　 out in your house you could not 　4　 the fire department．If somebody were 　5　，you could not call a 　6　．

　　In our daily life we need to communicate with 　7　．We do this 　8　 by speaking to other people and listening to 　9　 they have to say to us，and when we are 　10　 to them we can do this very 　11　．However，our 　12　 will not travel very far even when we 　13　，and it is thanks to the 　14　 of the telephone that we are 　15　 able to communicate with each other Cleary 　16　 we were in the 　17　 boat．

　　The man who 　18　 this possible was Alexander Graham．a Scotsman．born in Edin-burgh in 1847． Bell，a teacher of visible speech who later moved to Canada．　19　 all his spare time experimenting． 　20　 enthusiastic（热情的）was he in his research for a means for sending speech by electricity that he left little time for his day-to-day work and at one time was almost penniless．

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