阅读理解

　　There are thousands of products of all colors and shapes in a supermarket, making you believe that they are worth a try．How?Packaging(包装)is the silent but persuading salesman．

　　There on the shelves, each bottle, can, box, and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer(消费者), because he is buying not only a product but also his belief in life．Scientists have studied consumer behavior recently and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the “quality” of the product and on how well it sells, because “Consumers generally cannot tell between a product and its package．Many products are packages and many packages are products”, as Louis Cheskin, the first social scientist studying consumers' feelings for packaging, noticed．

　　Colors are one of the best tools in packaging．Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human attention quickly．Take V8 for example．For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body．And the word “green” today can keep food prices going up．

　　Shapes are another attraction．Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart．That's why the round yellow M signs of McDonald's are inviting to both young and old．

　　This new consumer response(反应)to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people buy to satisfy both body and soul．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　There are thousands of products of all colors and shapes in a supermarket,making you believe that they are worth a try．How?Packaging（包装）is the silent but persuading salesman．

　　There on the shelves,each bottle,can,box,and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer（消费者）,so that he is buying not only a product but also his belief in life．Scientists have studied consumer behavior recently and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the “quality”of the product and on how well it sells,because“Consumers generally cannot tell between a product and its package．Many products are packages and many packages are products,”as Louis Cheskin,the first social scientist studying consumers' feeling for packaging,noticed．

　　Colors are one of the best tools in packaging．Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human attention quickly．Take V8 for example．For many years,the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body．And the word“green”today can keep food prices going up．

　　Shapes are another attraction．Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness,because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart．That's why the roundyellow“M”signs of McDonald's are inviting to both young and old．

　　This new consumer response（反应）to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people buy to satisfy both body and soul．

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阅读理解

　　The discovery of a dwarfed(矮个的)“human being” who lived in Flores, Indonesia, up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family．This “Flores Human” was three foot tall and her brain was smaller man that of the average chimp(黑猩猩), yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives．They seem to have made tools, worked together to find food and cook it, and perhaps even buried their dead with ceremony．

　　It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member．The tools are like those formerly seen only with European fossils(化石)from our own species, Homo sapiens(智人), and the oldest of them were made 94,000 years ago．Homo sapiens is thought to have arrived in the island about 40,000 years ago, much too late to be responsible for the tools．If this tiny human made the tools, then the inside structure(结构)of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp's, despite being just a third the size of ours．

　　This “new human” was suspected to be a dwarfed branch of Homo erectus(直立人)．When creatures are separated in regions with rare resources but few enemies, being big is a disadvantage, and evolution tends to shrink them, a process known as island dwarfing．Could natural selection make a human smaller while keeping － even improving－mental ability? Quite possibly, believes Christopher Wills of the University of California．

　　Has the “Flores Human” even shown the ability of language? “I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools, use fire, and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication．” Wills says．Did “Floras Human” possess the basic components of human culture－such as the burying of the dead with ceremony? Emiliano Bruner of the Italian Institute points out that Indonesia's hot, wet environment is bad for fossilization．It is reasonable to assume, he says, that the 18,000-year-old bones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she was buried with special care．

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