Not all memories are sweet．Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences．Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars．Often they relive these experiences．

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories．The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience．They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories．

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France． The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain． So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased．

The research has caused a great deal of argument．Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it．Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldier’ troubling memories after war．

They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories．“Some memories can ruin people’s lives．They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare． They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at Harvard Medical School．“This could relieve a lot of that suffering．”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity（特性）． They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past． “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are．I’m not sure  we’d want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist（伦理学家）．

Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common． “People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph Le Doux, a New York University memory researcher．“All we want to do is to help people have better control of memories．”

1．What’s the main idea of this passage?

      A．People often suffer from bad memories．

      B．American researchers are trying to develop a pill．

      C．Forget bad memories, and be happy．

      D．The research has caused a heated argument．

2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to “               ”．

      A．the new drug                                          B．the research into the drug

      C．the bad memory                                     D．the chemical in the drug

3．Which of the following is NOT the opinion of the supporters?

      A．The pill can erase all the memories in the past．

      B．Some memories can ruin people’s lives．The pill can relieve emotional suffering．

      C．The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories．

      D．The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war．

4．Which of the following is NOT the opinion of the opponents（反对者）？

      A．Our memories give us our identity．

      B．The memories help human avoid mistakes of the past．

      C．The drug should be used in only very serious cases．

      D．People may not be sure  whether they want to wipe the memories out．

Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far, the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after wars.
They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry(精神病学)at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve（减轻）a lot of that suffering.”
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us avoid the mistakes in the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I am not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out.” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.
【小题1】What’s the main idea of this passage?

It is reasonable to say that every teenager can be affected by peer pressure (从众心理) at some point. Every day, in any high school, peer pressure has a major influence over the behavior of teenagers. It can be as subtle (微妙的) as being persuaded to be late for class or as extreme as a dangerous drug. Whether subtle or extreme, peer pressure can have damaging, sometimes life changing, and even serious results.
“Teens don’t often consider the long-term results that some behavior can cause,” said Terri Price, a researcher. “Peer pressure can be very difficult to handle for many teens because of their fears of not fitting in”. Peer pressure has always been part of teen life, but teens experience it differently than their former generations did in the past. Sources of peer pressure have increased because of the Internet and other electronic communications.
Recognizing peer pressure can be as simple as noticing that you have been asked to do something that you are not comfortable with. “Listen to your instinct （直觉） , which is a sign for whether something is right or wrong. If it feels wrong, then most likely it is. ”says Price.
Teens are in a time of life when they are still discovering who they are. Many teens are influenced by peer pressure because of their insecurities (不安全感). This can make them helpless especially when their self-control is weak or they lack healthy support, causing them to take risky behavior or turn to unhealthy support.
Dealing with peer pressure is a topic of concern for teens. People can say, “Just say no,” but the truth is that the statement is easier said than done.
【小题1】The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to                .

Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase （抹去） the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing （释放） chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war.

They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry （精神病学） at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve （减轻） a lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity （特性）. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist （伦理学家）.

Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common. “People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph Le Doux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is to help people have better control of memories.”

1．What’s the main idea of this passage？

A. People often suffer from bad memories.

B. American researchers are trying to develop a pill.

C. Forget bad memories, and be happy.

D. The research has caused a heated argument.

2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to “__________”.

A. the new drug                                               B. the research into the drug

C. the bad memory                                           D. the chemical in the drug

3．Which of the following is NOT the opinion of the supporters？

A. The pill can erase all the memories of the past.

B. Some memories can ruin people’s lives. The pill can relieve emotional suffering.

C. The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories.

D. The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war.

4．Which of the following is NOT the opinion of the opponents （反对者）？

A. Our memories give us our identity.

B. The memories help human avoid mistakes of the past.

C. The drug should be used in only very serious cases.

D. People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out.