Alan Izhar-Bodner, an Israeli inventor, has developed a swimming suit for divers to breathe underwater without carrying heavy oxygen tanks. His suit makes use of the air that is dissolved（溶解）in water, just like fish do.

The system uses the Henry Law which states that the amount of gas that can be dissolved in a liquid is proportional (成比例的)to the pressure on the liquid. Raise the pressure ---more gas can be dissolved in the liquid. Decrease the pressure --- less gas dissolved in the liquid releases the gas. This is exactly what happens when you open a can of soda; carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the liquid and is under pressure in the can. Open the can, releasing the pressure, and the gas fizzes(嘶撕作响)out.

Bodner's System obviously uses a special machine to lower pressure in part of a small amount of seawater taken into the system; dissolved gas is taken out. The patent（专利）reads: A self-contained open-circuit（循环）breathing instrument for use within a body of water naturally containing dissolved air. The instrument is adapted to provide breathable(可吸入的)air. The instrument contains an inlet for taking out a quantity of water from the body of water. It further contains a separator for separating the dissolved air from the quantity of water, thus gaining the breathable air. The instrument further contains an outlet for expelling (驱逐)the separated water back into the body of water, and another outlet for removing the breathable air and supplying it for breathing. The air is supplied so as to enable it to be expelled back into the body of water after it has been breathed .   

Human beings have been thinking about how to breathe underwater since they started swimming. This long-held desire plays an important part in one of the first great science fiction novels, Jules Verne's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.

1.It can be inferred from the passage that____________ .

A．the less pressure it is, the less carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the liquid

B．the deeper one dives into the ocean, the less gas is dissolved in the water

C．the greater pressure it is, the more carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the liquid

D．the deeper one dives into the ocean, the more gas is dissolved in the water

2.This passage is mainly about __________.

A．how Bodner invented the instrument for breathing underwater

B．why Bodner invented the instrument for breathing underwater

C．how Bodner's instrument for breathing underwater works

D．how Bodner's instrument is used by divers for breathing underwater

3.From the passage we learn that __________.

A．a separator is used to expel breathable air back into the body of water

B．a separator is used to separate the air from the water so as to make use of the water

C．The breathable air removed from an outlet will eventually go back to the body of water.

D．The breathable air removed from an outlet will immediately go back to the body of water.

Accidents happen, but when they destroy the delicate balance of nature and cause the whole world to suffer, they become disasters, and we should do all we can to prevent them from happening again.

    Bhopal chemical leak, December 1984, Bhopal, India

    An explosion in the Union Carbide chemical plant in Bhopal, India,  released a deadly gas called methyl （甲基） isocyanate, （异氰酸盐） which is used to make pesticides．The gas formed a cloud that killed 2500 people; another 50000- 100000 people became ill．Trees and plants in  the area became yellow and brittle．The explosion was caused by a mechanical failure that was not noticed in time to stop it.

    Exxon Valdez oil spill, March 1989, Alaska, U.S.

    On March 24, 1989, 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled into Prince William Sound from the tanker Exxon Valdez when its hull hit a reef and tore open．The oil, which is not yet cleaned up after billions of dollars have been spent and the millions of birds, fish, and other wildlife have died, was caused by human error and could have been avoided.

    Chernobyl, April 1986, USSR

At 1:23 A.M．on Saturday, April 26, 1986, the reactor blew at nuclear power plant in Chernobyl, ripping open the core, blowing the roof off the building, starting more than 30 fires, and allowing radioactive material to leak into the air．Some 31 people were killed and 200 people were treated for radiation poisoning．Still at risk are 135000 people from the 179 villages within 20 miles of the plant who were exposed to the radiation before being evacuated．Glaring violations of safety rules were at the bottom of this tragic event.

 Love Canal, 1953, New York, U.S.

 Love Canal, a small town in upstate New York near Niagara Falls, was destroyed by waste from chemical plants．Beginning in 1947, chemical companies could legally dump their waste products into the canal．The area developed a foul smell, trees lost their bark, and leaves fell throughout the year．A health survey found that the drinking water contained excessive levels of 82 industrial chemicals, 7 of which were thought to cause cancer．The people of Love Canal had an unusually high rate of cancer and birth defects．Eventually, many of the houses had to be abandoned．Today, the town has been partly cleaned up and some families have moved back to area.

Three Mile Island, 1979, Pennsylvania, U.S.

On March 28, 1979, the worst accident in U.S．nuclear reactor history occurred at the Three Mile Island power station, near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania．No one was killed, and very little radioactivity was released into the air when coolant （the fluid that keeps a machine cool） escaped from the reactor core due to a combination of mechanical failure and human error．After 10 years and $ 1 billion in cleanup costs, the lower extremes of the reactor are still so radioactive that workers must use remote – control equipment to remove the remaining fragments of fuel core.

1．This passage mainly discusses_________.

    A．accidents that affected many living things

    B．air pollution.

    C．water pollution.

    D．what people are doing to prevent environmental disasters.

2．You can infer from the passage that the Bhopal chemical leak________.

    A．happen at night

    B．was the worst accident in the history of India.

    C．caused more deaths than sicknesses.

    D．could have been avoided.

3．It can be inferred from the passage that the people in Love Canal．________.

    A．didn't know that chemical companies were dumping waste products into the canal.

    B．didn't know that their water was becoming dangerous to drink.

    C．tried to stop companies from dumping their waste products in the canal.

    D．didn't mind that chemical companies were dumping waste products into the canal.

4．The best title for the article is ________.

    A．Accidents in Some Countries

    B．Disasters in Some Countries

    C．Our Earth Is Out of Control

    D How to Prevent Accidents from Happening Again

      When Joe Ward went fishing in Florida one day last September, he didn’t need a weather report to tell him that big trouble was on the way. All he had to do was observe the behavior of the area’s wildlife. “The fish were just biting like crazy, like they were storing up,” says Ward. “There wasn’t a bird anywhere, not even a gull, which is very unusual down here. And on the banks, the insects—the ants, everything—were climbing high.” The next day Hurricane Frances hit. Was this an isolated incident? Hardly. “Some people say that animals have a sixth sense. I don’t know if I’d go that far,” says Wildlife Conservation Society research scientist Diana Reiss. “There’s a lot we still have to learn about their behavior. But I don’t think there’s any question that animals can hear, feel and notice things that we can’t.”

     When Sri Lanka Wildlife Department deputy director, H. D．Ratnayake, surveyed the destruction left by last December’s tsunami, he was shocked by what he had not seen before. Tens of thousands of humans were killed. But there was very little mortality(死亡率) among wildlife. At Yala National Park, the phenomenon was especially noticeable. Though the human death number nearby was more than 200, officials found no wildlife dead bodies. After the tsunami, wild tales keep surfacing. Residents have reported seeing herds of antelope thundering from a coastal area to the hills before the giant wall of water hit. And nesting flamingos（红鹳）left low-lying areas, heading for the safety of higher ground. How did they know trouble was on the way？Scientists credit a well-tuned sensory (感觉的,感官的) system. “Animals have to adapt to their environment to survive,” Reiss says. Changes in atmospheric conditions also may have played a part, some scientists say.

     Wildlife photographer Mike Blair remembers the day he witnessed how waterfowl (水鸟) can sense change in the weather. That morning the weather was mild, with a few snow geese on the marshes (湿地) at the wildlife protecting place. But as the day progressed, flight after flight of geese crossed the sky and settled on the wetlands. The next day temperatures decreased widely and a snowstorm hit. “The refuge staff said there were 20,000 geese there at the start of the day,” says Blair. “By the end of the day, they were estimating there were 300,000 or more.” Wildlife biologists believe migrating waterfowl have a built-in sense to predict the approach of large storms and are particularly responsive to changes of pressure in the air.

1．What will the antelope do before a storm?

     A．They will rush to the top of the hills.

     B．They will go to the coastal land to store some food.

     C．They will leave their home and move to another place forever.

     D．They will move to the wetlands to avoid the storm．

2．In Reiss’s opinion, why can animals survive some disasters while humans cannot?

     A．Because they have a sixth sense.

     B．Because they can feel the changes in atmospheric conditions.

     C．Because they can feel and notice something we human beings can’t.

     D．Because human beings are well-developed and don’t need to adapt to the environment.

3．What’s the main idea of the passage?

     A．The migration of the wildlife animals.

     B．What will the waterfowl do when there is a disaster.

     C．Animals have a six sense to predict the coming natural disaster.

     D．The number of human beings’ destruction is larger than the wild animals’

　　Every thing living on earth--each plant and animal--needs other living things. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a tree or a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing hunts another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain. Some food chains are simple, others are complicated. But all have. two things in common--all food chains began with the sun, and all food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.

　　All life depends on energy from sunlight. Only plants can use this energy directly. Their leaves are little factories that use sunlight to make food from water and things in the soil and air.

　　Plants in turn feted all other living things. Animals can only use the sun's energy after it has been changed into food by plants. Some animals feed directly on plants, others eat smaller animals. Meat-eating animals are only eating plants indirectly.

　　What about human beings? We are members of many food chains. We eat wheat, rice, vegetables, fruit and so on. We also eat meat and drink milk. This means the sun's energy passes through plants to animals before it reaches us.

　　Nature is a great thing. Any food chain always produces enough for each of its members if it is left alone. When there isn't enough food for any link in the chain, some of its members die off. So the balance is always kept.

　　But men often break up the food chain and do great harm net only to one plant or animal, but also to all the links in the chain. People make seas and rivers dirty. They destroy whole forests and kill many kinds of wild animals birds. When a river becomes dirty, the fish cannot be eaten. Men eat the fish and get strange diseases. In some places men have no fish to eat any more because the fish have died off. Each form of life is linked to all others. Breaking, the links puts all life in danger.

(1) How does everything living on earth live?

[　　]

A．Each plant can live alone.

B．Each animal can live alone.

C．Everything living on earth cannot live without needing other living things.

D．If living things want to live they must kill each other.

(2) How do all food chains break? All food chains are broken if ________.

[　　]

A．one kind of animal is eaten up

B．one kind of plant is destroyed

C．one kind of animal eats another

D．one of the links is destroyed

(3) How is food for plants made? Food for plants is made ________.

[　　]

A．from water

B．from the air in the sky

C．from the soil

D．from water and things in the soil and air

(4) Which living things can use energy directly?

[　　]

(5) Why is all life in danger? Because ________ break up the food chains.

[　　]

　　Every thing living on earth--each plant and animal--needs other living things. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a tree or a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing hunts another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain. Some food chains are simple, others are complicated. But all have. two things in common--all food chains began with the sun, and all food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.

　　All life depends on energy from sunlight. Only plants can use this energy directly. Their leaves are little factories that use sunlight to make food from water and things in the soil and air.

　　Plants in turn feted all other living things. Animals can only use the sun's energy after it has been changed into food by plants. Some animals feed directly on plants, others eat smaller animals. Meat-eating animals are only eating plants indirectly.

　　What about human beings? We are members of many food chains. We eat wheat, rice, vegetables, fruit and so on. We also eat meat and drink milk. This means the sun's energy passes through plants to animals before it reaches us.

　　Nature is a great thing. Any food chain always produces enough for each of its members if it is left alone. When there isn't enough food for any link in the chain, some of its members die off. So the balance is always kept.

　　But men often break up the food chain and do great harm net only to one plant or animal, but also to all the links in the chain. People make seas and rivers dirty. They destroy whole forests and kill many kinds of wild animals birds. When a river becomes dirty, the fish cannot be eaten. Men eat the fish and get strange diseases. In some places men have no fish to eat any more because the fish have died off. Each form of life is linked to all others. Breaking, the links puts all life in danger.

(1) How does everything living on earth live?

[　　]

A．Each plant can live alone.

B．Each animal can live alone.

C．Everything living on earth cannot live without needing other living things.

D．If living things want to live they must kill each other.

(2) How do all food chains break? All food chains are broken if ________.

[　　]

A．one kind of animal is eaten up

B．one kind of plant is destroyed

C．one kind of animal eats another

D．one of the links is destroyed

(3) How is food for plants made? Food for plants is made ________.

[　　]

A．from water

B．from the air in the sky

C．from the soil

D．from water and things in the soil and air

(4) Which living things can use energy directly?

[　　]

(5) Why is all life in danger? Because ________ break up the food chains.

[　　]