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A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous.  

Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.  

Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections (反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done ――somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it a fuels sense of  hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world.  

In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact (影响) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.  

Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.  

  72. What can we conclude from the recent study?

  A. People think highly of science.

  B. People hold mixed opinions about science.

  C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.

  D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.

  73. According to the passage , what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?

  A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.

  B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science.

  C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.

  D. People will work more actively to put science under control.

  74. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because_______

  A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomes

  B. the ties between different areas need strengthening

  C. united efforts are necessary for the development of science

  D. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science

  75. What is the main idea of the passage?

  A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.

  B. The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes.

  C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.

D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.

 

 

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E  
As a result of pollution , Lake Erie , on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.  
Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organism(生物体 ) to be affected are either plants or plankton. But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it is not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the sea shore that people realize what is happening.  
Where do the substances which pollute the water come form? There are two main sources sewage (污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗涤剂 ) is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers. lakes and seas. Detergents harm water birds dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful since there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead(铅 ).  
So , if we want or stop this pollution , the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clean before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.  
72. Pollution in water is noticed _____.   
A. when the first organisms are affected    B. when a good many fish and birds die   
C. when poisonous things are poured into water        
D. as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed   
73. The living things die because there is no ____ in the lake or river.    
A. water          B. fish               C. poison           D. oxygen   
74. Which of the following is harmful according to the passage?   
A. Organisms                             B. Plants and plankton in the water       
C. Waste water from cleaning   D. Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water   
75.The way to stop water pollution is _______.  
A. realize the serious situation clearly   
B. put oxygen into the river   
C. make the waste material harmless before flowing into the water   
D. make special room in the sea for our rubbish  

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It is a typical case. A young professional has just moved to a new city. She is very active in her new job but wishes to meet people socially outside of work. How does she do this?

  Signing up for a night class is always a good starting point. Not only is it an ideal way to meet like-minded people,it can also be a great new learning experience. Pubs and clubs can be a good meeting place but can be a bit hard if you are on your own.

  Join a gym

  GL-14 health club in Manchester city centre is a gym which also has lots of member activities outside the gym from charity fashion shows to dinner dances giving members a chance to socialize away from the treadmill(繁忙的工作). Or if you want a gym with a difference,try a“Green Gym”for people who want to exercise but wish to be outdoors and doing something that will benefit the environment at the same time. The“work out”could involve such activities as practical conservation or gardening work. It’s a great way to get people’s heart and muscle working. And many agree that meeting other people and having a matter and a laugh is a big attraction of the scheme.

  Reading groups

  In the Reading Groups,Jenny Hartley suggested that there may be as many as 50,000 people in reading groups in the UK. They range from informal groups of friends or colleagues who meet in someone’s home or at the local pub,to discuss a book. If you want something a bit more structured,lots of libraries have reading groups and could have a broader group of members.

  Statistics

  The BBC recently conducted a survey called Going solo:single life in the 21st century. You can look at the overall results or search by area. It found that:

  *69% of people thought that the gym was a good place to meet new

  *Pubs or clubs were considered to be good meeting places by 58% of people in the UK

  *68% thought that work was a good place to meet people

  *72% thought that internet chat was not an ideal way to meet people

(  )56.“Green Gym”in Paragraph 3 refers to an activity in which you can________.

A.have night classes with like-minded people

B.do something good for the environment on your own

C.discuss a book with other members at a pub

D.benefit the environment while doing outdoor exercise

(  )57.Which of the following is a Green Gym activity?

A.Gardening work.         B.Chatting on the Internet.

C.A charity fashion show.    D.A dinner dance away from the treadmill.

(  )58.What’s the most popular place to meet new people outside of work?

A.Pubs or clubs.  B.The Internet.  C.The working place. D.The gym.

 

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  Fear can be fun. Many young people queue up to ride very fast and scary roller coasters, screaming but enjoying themselves. Other people like to read “goose bumps (鸡皮疙瘩)” books or watch horror movies at night, scared to death but feeling excited. Why do people like being scared?

  Fear is an ancient way of surviving. Being scared makes animals, including humans escape from danger and save themselves. It is because of fear that we have lived through millions of years of evolution. Those who lacked a strong fear response were more likely to be killed, leaving the more fearful and careful to pass their genes onto the next generation.

  How do scientists explain why shaking over such scary things is fun? “Some kids will go to a scary movie and love it and laugh over it, others will feel anxious and hide their faces and some won’t even set foot in the cinema,” said Ned Kalin, a US scientist. “Which kind of person you are depends partly on experiences you’ve had and partly on your genes.”

  What happens in the brain when something frightens you? Nerves that begin at the eyes and ears lead to a part of the brain called the amygdale. When you suddenly see a snake, for example, the amygdale makes you freeze, sweat, have a quickened heartbeat, or run very fast. However, seeing the snake also uses another part of the brain, the cortex. It analyzes the situation, and if it finds that the snake is only made of rubber it tells your heart and the rest of your body to calm down. Think of the amygdale as the engine and the cortex as the brake.

  Back to the first question: Why do some people like to make themselves scared? “One reason is that we can play games with fear, find ways to reduce the scariness by looking away or thinking of something else,” Kalin said. “To believe we have control over a situation gives us a feeling of power.” “Scary movies or novels are good practice to prepare young people for the real thing. Thrills such as roller coaster rides also go to the brain’s pleasure centre.”

  And there might be some evolutionary advantage to being able to adjust this system that is there to protect people.

  72. How many questions are answered in the passage?

  A. 2.    B. 3.    C. 4.    D. 5.

  73. Some people like to be scared because______.

  A. they are afraid that the fear genes will be passed onto their children

  B. it’s a good practice to get prepared for the real frightening situation

  C. it can help them show their own personalities

  D. they will feel powerful after getting rid of fear

  74. Which of the following is true about the people who are not easily scared?

  A. Their cortex is better at analyzing the situations.

  B. They are more likely to suffer from potential danger.

  C. They are born unaffected by anything horrible.

  D. They lack a strong response towards threat.

  75. What is the best title of the passage?

  A. Ready to scream?     B. How to be scared?

  C. Willing to shake?    D. Why to be scared?

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