摘要：5．虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法 在名词advice, suggestion, order, proposal等后接的同位语从句中.谓语动词用虚拟语气.起形式为 “+动词原形 .说明“建议 .“劝告 .“命令 等的具体内容.如: The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time.提前两天完成工作的命令传来了. Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on.她勉强接受了他们要她去接受手术的建议. (一)主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作.发生的时间不一致.这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整.如: If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话.现在就能完成这份工作了.(从句说明过去.主句说明现在.) If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你.我就去参加她的生日晚会了.(从句说明现在.主句说明过去.) If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我. 我不可能买下这幢新房.很可能现在还住在危房里.(从句说明过去.主句说明过去和现在.) (二)含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来.只暗含在上下文中.这种句子叫做含蓄条件句.含蓄条件句大体有三种情况, 1. 条件暗含在短语中.如: (1)W hat would I have done without you? 如没有你.我会怎么办呢?(条件暗含在分词短语without you中) (2) It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易.(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中) (3) This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事.如发生在战时.就会酿成大祸.(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中) (4) But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助.我们的实验是不会成功. (暗含条件是but for your help) (5) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马.否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽. (6) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人.他是会感到害怕的. 2. 条件暗含在上下文中.如: (7) You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿.(可能暗含if you wanted to) (8) We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的.(可能暗含if we had kept trying) (9) Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的.(可能暗含if you should accept it) (10) I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧.(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time) 3. 在不少情况下.虚拟式已变成习惯说法.很难找出其暗含的条件.如: (11) You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道. (12) I would like to come. 我愿意来. (13) I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的. (14) He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细.简直就象他亲眼看见一样. (三)条件从句中省去if的情况 在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中.常可以省略if.将had, were或should提至句首.如: Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night. 假如我看了那部电影.昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了. Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鸟.我就能自由翱翔. Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest. 要是下周能下雨的话.农民们就能有个好收成了. 1 He suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldn’t D. be not 2 What would have happened if you her child? A. hadn’t helped B. couldn’t help C. wouldn’t help D. didn’t help 3 It is strange that he so. A. thinks B. think C. thought D. will think 4 If I with her last summer, I with her now. A. worked-am getting on very well B. had worked-would get on very well C. had worked- would have got on very well D. had worked-will get on very well 5 I wish I my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 6 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished 7 It’s high time he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 8 you succeed and you be healthy. A. May-may B. Wish-wish C. Hope-hope D. Should-may 9 Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D.A or B 10 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come 11 Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? A. will be B. is C. were D. be 12 your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. If I could have received D. Had I received 13 If only I to my parents’ advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened 14 If it rain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest. A. should B. could C. would D. might 15 ---Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday? ---I , but an unexpected visitor came to see me. A. did B. would C. had D. was going to 16 I’d rather you me the news. A. not tell B. not to tell C. didn’t tell D. hadn’t told 17 I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. A. would have hoped B. was hoping C. had hoped D. hoped 18 His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. A. shouldn’t agree B. wouldn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. didn’t agree 19 He the job well, but he so careless. A. hadn’t done, had been B. could have done, was C. could do, was D. had done, had been 20 Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. A. were B. had been C. should be D. is Keys: 1-5 AABBD 6-10 CBACD 11-15 CDDAD 16-20 CCDBA

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