Reading _______ one’s mind. You should do more reading instead of playing computer games when you are free. .

A.expands　　 B.arises　　　 　C. rises 　　　 D. enlarges

As civilization______, more and more people have realized the importance of preserving rare animals from extinction.

A. stretches　　　　 B. spreads　　　 C. extends　　　 D. expands

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　“Most episodes (片段) of absent - mindednessforgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a roomare caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Schacter. “You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply.”

　　“Encoding”, Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major effect on remembering it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜).” “Your memory itself isn't failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed.”

　　Lack of interest can also lead to absent - mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics (数据) from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment. And memory depends on just that.

　　“Reminders can help prevent absent - mindedness,” says Schacter. “But be sure the reminder is clear and available,” he says. If you want to remember to take medicine with lunch, put it on the kitchen tabledon't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

　　Another common episode of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.

1．Why does the writer think that encoding is important?

[　　]

A．It helps us understand our memory system better.

B．It enables us to remember something from our memory.

C．It expands our memory ability greatly.

D．It slows down the process of losing our memory.

2．Why do women have better memories than men?

[　　]

A．They have a wider variety of interests.

B．They are more dependent on the environment.

C．They pay more attention to things they like.

D．They are more interested in what's happening around them.

3．Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder?

[　　]

A．Because it will easily get lost.

B．Because it's not clear enough for you to read.

C．Because it's out of your sight.

D．Because it might get mixed up with other things.

4．What do we learn from the last paragraph?

[　　]

A．If we pay more attention to one thing, we might forget another.

B．Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.

C．Doing something again helps improve our memory.

D．If we keep forgetting things, we'd better rerurn to where we were.

5．What is the passage mainly about?

[　　]

A．The process of gradual memory loss.

B．The causes of absent - mindedness.

C．The influence of the environment on memory.

D．A way of encoding and remembering.

  This is what happens when there is a thunderstorm. First you see a sudden flash(闪亮) of bright light. A few seconds later you hear a loud rumbling sound. This quick flash is called lightning, and the loud sound is called thunder. Lightning is colorful, but it can cause serious problems.

  Lightning is electricity that is moving very rapidly. It may be moving between a cloud and the ground, between two clouds, or between two parts of the same cloud. The lightning heats the air around it. This hot air expands(扩大)，or gets bigger, and it causes the air to move in waves which pass you in a series(系列), one after another. For this reason, you may hear many rumbles and not just one sound.

1．A good title for this selection is　　   .

A. Air Waves

B. Lightning and People

C. The Weather is Not Beautiful All of the Time

D. Thunderstorms

2．The word “rumble” in this passage means　　   .

A. a sharp voice

B. a loud and joyful sound

C. a sudden flash

D. a deep, heavy continuous sound

3．When you hear thunder, you may hear a series of loud sounds and not one big sound. This is because　　    .

A. the hot air moves between two clouds

B. the air waves pass one after another

C. the thunder comes after the lightning

D. the lightning comes after the thunder

4．Which of these is NOT TRUE about thunder and lightning?

A. Lightning may move between a cloud and the ground.

B. Thunder is a very bright light in a thunderstorm

C. Lightning is electricity.

D. Lightning heats the air around it and causes the air to move in waves.

5．Lightning always moves　　    .

A. between two clouds　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　B. in waves

C. in a series　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  D. rapidly

As civilization 　　 , more and more people have realized the importance of preserving rare animals from extinction.

A. stretches　　 　 B. expands　　 　　　 C. extends　　 　　 D. spreads