E Fish have ears. Really. They’re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sou——青夏教育精英家教网—

摘要：E Fish have ears. Really. They’re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths. As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate . By looking through a microscope and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish’s age, just like the growth rings of a tree. Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorold has turned to a new direction. They’re examining the chemical elements of each otolith ring. The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring. Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history. In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the traveling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles. This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears. 72. What can we learn about fish ears from the text? A. They are small soft rings. B. They are not seen from the outside. C. They are opening only on food fish. D. They are not used to receive sound. 73. Why does the writer compare the fish to trees? A. Trees gain a growth ring each day. B. trees also have otoliths. C. Their growth rings are very small. D. They both have growth rings. 74. Why is it important to study the chemistry of otolith rings? A. The elements of the otoliths can tell the history of the sea. B. Chemical contents of otoliths can tell how fast fish can swim. C. We can know more about fish and their living environment. D. Scientists can know exactly how old a fish is. 75. How would you understand “fish scientists are now lending their ears ? A. They are very interested in Thorrold’s research fingings. B. They want to know where they can find fish. C. They lend their fish for chemical studies. D. They wonder if Thorrold can find growth rings from their ears. 第II卷

网址：http://m.1010jiajiao.com/timu3_id_3152271[举报]

Fish have different personalities which change as they experience life’s highs and lows．according to British biologists．
Researchers identified different“personalities” in their fish by observing the boldness or shyness of individuals，according to The Nature．Like people，some fish are very confident in the face of novelty(新奇事物)or conflict；while others are silent and fear．
The scientists selected particularly bold and shy rainbow trout，and tested whether they changed their outlook depending on what life threw at them．They arranged some fish to fight and others to watch to see how both the participants and observers responded to victories and defeats．Winning or losing a fight，or even watching fellow fish overcome the difficulties influenced the future behavior of the creatures studied in the lab．
The researchers made fish compete with much larger or smaller opponents．to ensure that they would win or lose their fights．These bold fish that won their fights tended to be even bolder when later presented with a novel food item；losing their fight caused them to be much more cautious．
Fish also learn by watching others．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery object were much more nervous when later given a novelty item for themselves．
Predictably，shy fish that won a fight also gained more confidence，but surprisingly，shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food，Sneddon said，adding that this could be due to what she calls a“desperado effect”(亡命徒效应)．
The new research suggests that animals can gradually adapt their personalities．The results echo the effects that life experience can have on human．
【小题1】What does．the underlined word“creatures’’probably refer to?

A．Fish．

B．Participants．

C．Observers．

D．Researchers．

【小题2】The third paragraph of the text is mainly about—————．

A．a conclusion of the research

B．an explanation of fish characters

C．a statement of the experiment

D．a description of fish fights

【小题3】What can we know from the research?

A．Bold losing fish become—e bolder when presented With a novel food item．

B．Losing their fights causes the bold fish to be much more courageous．

C．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery get less nervous．

D．Shy fish losing fights grow more confident in exploring new food．

【小题4】What’s the main idea of the text?’

A．Fish have stress in the fierce fights．

B．Fish care about winning or losing a fight．

C．Fish have adaptable personalities．

D．Fish can learn a lot by watching others．

查看习题详情和答案>>

Fish have different personalities which change as they experience life’s highs and lows．according to British biologists．

Researchers identified different“personalities” in their fish by observing the boldness or shyness of individuals，according to The Nature．Like people，some fish are very confident in the face of novelty(新奇事物)or conflict；while others are silent and fear．

The scientists selected particularly bold and shy rainbow trout，and tested whether they changed their outlook depending on what life threw at them．They arranged some fish to fight and others to watch to see how both the participants and observers responded to victories and defeats．Winning or losing a fight，or even watching fellow fish overcome the difficulties influenced the future behavior of the creatures studied in the lab．

The researchers made fish compete with much larger or smaller opponents．to ensure that they would win or lose their fights．These bold fish that won their fights tended to be even bolder when later presented with a novel food item；losing their fight caused them to be much more cautious．

Fish also learn by watching others．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery object were much more nervous when later given a novelty item for themselves．

Predictably，shy fish that won a fight also gained more confidence，but surprisingly，shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food，Sneddon said，adding that this could be due to what she calls a“desperado effect”(亡命徒效应)．

The new research suggests that animals can gradually adapt their personalities．The results echo the effects that life experience can have on human．

1.What does．the underlined word“creatures’’probably refer to?

A．Fish． B．Participants． C．Observers． D．Researchers．

2.The third paragraph of the text is mainly about—————．

A．a conclusion of the research

B．an explanation of fish characters

C．a statement of the experiment

D．a description of fish fights

3.What can we know from the research?

A．Bold losing fish become—e bolder when presented With a novel food item．

B．Losing their fights causes the bold fish to be much more courageous．

C．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery get less nervous．

D．Shy fish losing fights grow more confident in exploring new food．

4.What’s the main idea of the text?’

A．Fish have stress in the fierce fights．

B．Fish care about winning or losing a fight．

C．Fish have adaptable personalities．

D．Fish can learn a lot by watching others．

查看习题详情和答案>>

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

To dry fish, you will need either a drying table or a place to hang them. If a table is used, it should have a top made of wire screen or thin pieces of wood with space between each piece.

1.Do not let them touch each other. Be sure that air can flow around the fish from all sides, including the top and bottom.

Build a small smoky fire under the drying table for the first day to keep the flies away. After that, you can keep the flies away by covering the fish with a thin cloth. 2.

Fish taste better if they are out of bright sunlight while they are being dried. 3. Turn the fish over every other day. Small fish will dry in about three days if the air is dry. 4.

After the fish have dried, place them in a basket. 5. Then put the basket in a cool, dry place off the ground.

Make sure as much of the saltwater as possible is removed before you smoke the fish.

A．For best results, put the drying table under a tree.

B．Cover them with clean paper or large leaves.

C．Lay the cleaned and salted fish, still wet, on the table.

D．Wood from fruit trees makes good fuel for your fire.

E. Do not let the cloth touch the fish.

F. Dried fish must be kept completely dry until they are eaten.

G. Large fish will take a week or ten days to dry.

查看习题详情和答案>>

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
To dry fish, you will need either a drying table or a place to hang them. If a table is used, it should have a top made of wire screen or thin pieces of wood with space between each piece.
   【小题1】Do not let them touch each other. Be sure that air can flow around the fish from all sides, including the top and bottom.
Build a small smoky fire under the drying table for the first day to keep the flies away. After that, you can keep the flies away by covering the fish with a thin cloth.   【小题2】
Fish taste better if they are out of bright sunlight while they are being dried.   【小题3】    Turn the fish over every other day. Small fish will dry in about three days if the air is dry.   【小题4】
After the fish have dried, place them in a basket.   【小题5】 Then put the basket in a cool, dry place off the ground.
Make sure as much of the saltwater as possible is removed before you smoke the fish.