摘要: Some animals can the color of their surroundings. A. take on B. put on C. dress up D. have on

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Animal training refers to teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli (刺激). Training may be for the purpose of companionship, detection, protection, entertainment or all of the above.
An animal trainer may use various forms of reinforcement (强化) or punishment to condition an animal’s responses. Some animal trainers may have a knowledge of the principles of behavior analysis and operant conditioning (操作性条件反射), but there are many ways to train animals and as a general rule no legal requirements or certifications are required.

Training chickens has become a way for trainers of other animals (primarily dogs) to perfect their training technique. Bob Bailey, former director of Animal Behavior Enterprises and the IQ Zoo, teaches chicken training courses where trainers teach chickens to tell different shapes, to successfully pass through a way with obstacles (障碍) and to chain behaviors together. Chicken training is done using operant conditioning, using a clicker and chicken feed for reinforcement.

Fish can also be trained. For example, a goldfish may swim toward its owner and follow him as he walks through the room, but will not follow anyone else. The fish may swim up and down signaling the owner to turn on its aquarium light when it is off, and it will skim the surface until its owner feeds it. Pet goldfish have also been taught to perform more difficult tasks, such as doing the limbo (a                         kind of dance) and pushing a very small soccer ball into a net.

Among all animals, they are the third cleverest after monkeys and dolphins. Scientists think the training of pigs is easier than the training of dogs and cats. Pigs have a very good sense of smell. They can find things nearby or faraway. They can also help the police to find out drugs at an airport or at a train station.
【小题1】The aim of training animals is to _________.
A.detect objects for peopleB.keep people company
C.protect or entertain peopleD.all of the above
【小题2】Which is True according to the passage?
A.Most people teach animals general responses to general conditions.
B.Training animals requires some certifications.
C.Training chickens is a way to improve the trainers’ skills.
D.Chickens can be trained to help the police to find out drugs.
【小题3】According to the passage, a fish can _________.
A.be trained to follow anyone
B.turn on its aquarium light when it is off
C.signal its owner to feed it
D.take part in a football game in the field
【小题4】Scientists think the training of pigs is easier because _________.
A.pigs do not bite like dogs
B.pigs are smart animals
C.pigs have a good sense of hearing
D.pigs can help find out drugs at an airport

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Animal training refers to teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli (刺激). Training may be for the purpose of companionship, detection, protection, entertainment or all of the above.

An animal trainer may use various forms of reinforcement (强化) or punishment to condition an animal’s responses. Some animal trainers may have a knowledge of the principles of behavior analysis and operant conditioning (操作性条件反射), but there are many ways to train animals and as a general rule no legal requirements or certifications are required.

Training chickens has become a way for trainers of other animals (primarily dogs) to perfect their training technique. Bob Bailey, former director of Animal Behavior Enterprises and the IQ Zoo, teaches chicken training courses where trainers teach chickens to tell different shapes, to successfully pass through a way with obstacles (障碍) and to chain behaviors together. Chicken training is done using operant conditioning, using a clicker and chicken feed for reinforcement.

Fish can also be trained. For example, a goldfish may swim toward its owner and follow him as he walks through the room, but will not follow anyone else. The fish may swim up and down signaling the owner to turn on its aquarium light when it is off, and it will skim the surface until its owner feeds it. Pet goldfish have also been taught to perform more difficult tasks, such as doing the limbo (a                         kind of dance) and pushing a very small soccer ball into a net.

Among all animals, they are the third cleverest after monkeys and dolphins. Scientists think the training of pigs is easier than the training of dogs and cats. Pigs have a very good sense of smell. They can find things nearby or faraway. They can also help the police to find out drugs at an airport or at a train station.

1.The aim of training animals is to _________.

A.detect objects for people                 B.keep people company

C.protect or entertain people               D.all of the above

2.Which is True according to the passage?

A.Most people teach animals general responses to general conditions.

B.Training animals requires some certifications.

C.Training chickens is a way to improve the trainers’ skills.

D.Chickens can be trained to help the police to find out drugs.

3.According to the passage, a fish can _________.

A.be trained to follow anyone

B.turn on its aquarium light when it is off

C.signal its owner to feed it

D.take part in a football game in the field

4.Scientists think the training of pigs is easier because _________.

A.pigs do not bite like dogs

B.pigs are smart animals

C.pigs have a good sense of hearing

D.pigs can help find out drugs at an airport

 

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I knew I was all right now.  Nobody else would come a­hunting after me. I got my traps out of the canoe and made me a nice camp in the thick woods. I made a tent out of my blankets to put my things under so the rain couldn't get at them. I caught a catfish and towards sundown I started my camp fire and had supper.

         When it was dark I sat by my camp fire, feeling pretty satisfied; but by and by it got sort of lonesome, so I went and sat on the bank and listened to the current crashing along, and counted the stars and drift logs and rafts that came down, and then went to bed; there was no better way to put in time when you are lonesome; you can't stay so, and you soon get it over.

         And so for three days and nights. No difference—just the same thing. But the next day I went exploring around the island.  I was boss of it; it all belonged to me, and I wanted to know all about it; but mainly I wanted to spend the time. I found plenty of strawberries and green summer grapes; and the green blackberries were just beginning to show.

         Well, I went fooling along in the deep woods till I judged I wasn't far from the foot of the island. I had my gun along, but I had shot nothing; it was for protection. About this time I almost stepped on a good­sized snake, and it moved quietly and smoothly through the grass and flowers, and I was after it, trying to get a shot at it. I clipped(疾驰) along, and all of a sudden I bounded(跳) right on to the ashes of a camp fire that was still smoking.

         My heart jumped up among my lungs. I never waited to look further, but unlocked my gun and went sneaking back on my tiptoes as fast as I could. Every now and then I stopped a second among the thick leaves and listened, but my breath came so hard that I couldn't hear anything else. I moved quietly along another piece further, then listened again; and so on, and so on. If I saw a stump(树桩), I took it for a man; if I stepped on a stick and broke it, it made me feel that a person had cut one of my breaths in two and I only got half, and the short half, too.

         There was no time to be fooling around. When getting to the camp, I got all my traps into my canoe again to have them out of sight. I put out the fire and threw the ashes around to look like an old last year's camp, and then climbed a tree.

         I suppose I was up for two hours; but I didn’t see or hear anything—I only thought I heard and saw as much as a thousand things. Well, I couldn’t stay up there forever, so at last I got down, but I kept in the thick woods and on the lookout all the time. All I could get to eat was berries and what was left over from breakfast.

1.The underlined part “put in time” in the second paragraph probably means _____.

A. kill the time            B. take the time

C. employ the time    D. waste the time

2.Why did the boy always carry his gun with him wherever he went?

A. To show off his gun.

B. To hunt some animals for food.

C. To protect himself.

D. To play with it for fun.

3.How did the boy feel when he saw the ashes of a camp fire that was still smoking?

A. Surprised.                       B. Excited.                            C. Frightened.         D. Puzzled.

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The boy brought with himself a tent

B. The boy felt a bit lonely on the island.

C. The boy was surely the only person on the island at that time.

D. The boy might be bitten by some animal when the story happened.

 

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请阅读下列DVD碟片的封面及提示性文字,并按照要求匹配信息,并在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
A.
 Dora's Christmas Carol Adventure is a move that teaches cognitive thinking and the true meaning of Christmas spirit.
B.

Let's Explore collects together classic Nick Jr. Dora episodes that teach preschoolers problem -solving skills.
C.
 Diego's Halloween features a Halloween Diego episode teaching problem-solving skills, Halloween customs, and facts about the South American fruit bat.
D.
Diego Saves Christmas features a Christmas Diego episode that teaches something about animal homes and attributes, focusing on facts about llamas.
E.
Perfect Pumpkin is a preschool Halloween video featuring episodes about Halloween celebrations, Halloween customs, and Halloween traditions.
F.
Birthday Boogie contains episodes of the popular educational preschool show that teaches something about birthdays, pretend plays, talents and ways to ride.
以下是这些DVD碟片的内容简介。请匹配简介及其对应的DVD封面及提示性文字。
【小题1】This DVD comes with four episodes of the popular, musical, and brightly colored children's educational show, each featuring a different preschool concept. In one of the episodes, Brobee is sad because he thinks everyone has forgotten his special day, but actually the other characters are working hard on a surprise party for him. In another episode, characters use dressing-up to play different roles and make up pretend stories.
【小题2】Parents searching for family-friendly Christmas specials for preschoolers can try this DVD. By travelling to the past and future, the main character, a lovely girl, tries to teach Swiper not to steal things so that he will not be on Santa Claus' naughty list anymore. During her travels, she encourages preschool viewers to be active and helps them practice learning skills such as using clues to answer riddles, spotting hidden objects in a picture, and doing simple math. In a word, this DVD teaches kids simple skills and true spirit of Christmas.
【小题3】This DVD presents how the main character and his friends and family at the Animal Rescue Center celebrate Christmas, and teaches children about where animals live and some animal characteristic. Kids can watch this episode to get into the holiday spirit while also learning new facts about llamas and how these South American animals can help people work. The concrete examples provided in this DVD will help kids remember this new information.
【小题4】This DVD will teach children skills to deal with problems in real life including map reading skills,and how to arrange events, in which children can learn about equipment used for exploring space, such as the Milky Way. This DVD shares themes of exploration and rescue. The puzzles and problems presented in each episode cover a range of skills and information and will teach kids many new abilities and knowledge.
【小题5】This is a pretty educational video which will appeal to parents who'd like their children to develop learning skills while enjoying Halloween fun. It teaches children about the characteristics of a kind of South American animal. Also, it teaches typical Halloween customs like wearing Halloween costumes and the concept of trick-or-treat, as well as familiar Halloween symbols. When watching this DVD, kids must use Spanish terms and several skills to answer the questions asked by the characters.

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Several animal species including gorillas in Rwanda and tigers in Bangladesh could risk extinction if the impact of climate change and extreme weather on their habitats is not addressed, a UN report showed on Sunday.

Launched on the sidelines of global climate negotiations in Durban, the report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa.

“Many ecosystems have already been stressed by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive (入侵的) species,” Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assistant director general at the FAO's forestry department, said at the launch of the report.

The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.

“The remaining populations become surrounded in very small ecosystems, they have inbreeding (近亲交配) problems ... and at the end these species may disappear,” he added.

Other examples of affected animals included elephants in Mali, lions in the Serengeti and crocodiles in Malawi.

The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of native species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence.

Other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said.

The report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially those key to dealing with climate change such as mangroves(红树林), inland waters, forests, savannahs(非洲大草原) and grasslands.

The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was limited.

The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.

It also urged local communities to develop projects that mitigate the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example.

1.What does the author tell us in Paragraph 2?

A.The theme of global climate negotiations in Durban.

B.The subject of research done by Eduardo Rojas.

C.Causes of damage done to ecosystems.

D.Harmful effects of damage done to ecosystems.

2.Why are animals living in mountains, islands and coastal areas most affected?

A.They are frequently attacked by invasive species and infectious diseases.

B.They have difficulty finding enough food for survival.

C.They can hardly find mates to produce their young.

D.They have little chance of moving to other places.

3.To avoid extinction of some animal species, the UNFAO suggested all the following ways EXCEPT ______.

A.restoring damaged ecosystems

B.limiting world population growth

C.creating movement channels for animals

D.urging governments and local communities to take action

4.What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph mean?

A.increase or further improve something.

B.Make full use of something.

C.Make something become less serious.

D.Move from one place to another.

5.What would serve as the best title for the passage?

A.Animals at risk due to climate change.

B.Global warming and its consequences.

C.Climate change and ecotourism.

D.Solutions to animal distinction.

 

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